Chapter 26

Question 1

Histamine release causes which of the following effects?

Answer 1

Contraction of the smooth muscles of the respiratory system

Question 2

A 26-year-old female presents with a fever, rash, and joint pain. What should you suspect?

Answer 2

Lupus

Question 3

An abnormal immune response that the body develops when it is re-exposed to an allergen is called:

Answer 3

An allergic reaction

Question 4

A 49-year-old male who had a heart transplant presents with a heart rate of 40 beats/min. He is weak, dizzy, lightheaded, and hypotensive. Which of the following medications would be ineffective?

Answer 4

Atropine

Question 5

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:

Answer 5

often take medications that suppress their immune system.

Question 6

Which of the following is a physiologic effect of histamine?

Answer 6

Systemic vasodilation

Question 7

You are caring for a 40-year-old man in anaphylactic shock after being stung by a scorpion. The patient is responsive to pain only, has poor respiratory effort, and is hypotensive and tachycardic. Which of the following represents the most appropriate treatment sequence for this patient?

Answer 7

Assisted ventilation, intubation if necessary, at least one large-bore IV with normal saline, epinephrine IM or IV, and Benadryl IV or IM

Question 8

Patients with systemic scleroderma will often have symptoms of:

Answer 8

Raynaud phenomenon.

Question 9

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is used to treat allergic reactions because it:

Answer 9

blocks the histamine effects at the H1 receptor sites.

Question 10

A 31-year-old man presents with diffuse hives, intense itching, and watery eyes that began acutely about an hour ago. He is conscious and alert, is breathing without difficulty, and tells you that he does not have any allergies or significant medical problems. His blood pressure is 126/76 mm Hg, pulse is 80 beats/min and strong, and respirations are 16 breaths/min and unlabored. What drug should you administer?

Answer 10

Diphenhydramine

Question 11

Which of the following is an early clinical manifestation of an allergic reaction?

Answer 11

Urticaria

Question 12

In the absence of IV or IO access, which route is the preferred route for the administration of epinephrine to a patient in anaphylactic shock?

Answer 12

IM

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct?

Answer 13

In the presence of anaphylaxis, intervention takes precedence over identifying the offending antigen.

Question 14

Transport of a patient in anaphylactic shock may be delayed for which of the following reasons?

Answer 14

Epinephrine administration

Question 15

Which of the following is a common central nervous system manifestation of anaphylactic shock?

Answer 15

Anxiety