chapter 26.3

Question 1

xylem

Answer 1

conducts water and minerals from the soil to aerial parts of the plant

Question 2

phloem

Answer 2

conducts the products of photosynthesis from sites where they are produced or released to sites where they are used or stored

Question 3

rhyniophytes

Answer 3

were among a few types of land plants in siluarianrhiz

Question 4

rhizomes

Answer 4

apparently anchored the soil by horizontal portions of stem

Question 5

rhizoids

Answer 5

which bore water absorbing unicellular filaments

Question 6

dichotomous

Answer 6

that is , the apex (tip) of the shoot divided to produce two equivalent new branches witch each pair of branches diverging at approximately the same angle from the original stem

Question 7

lycophytes

Answer 7

are the sister group to the remaining vascular plants

Question 8

microphylls

Answer 8

simple leaf like structures which are arranged spirally on the stem

Question 9

strobili

Answer 9

the sporangia of many club mosses are aggregated in conelike structures , which are clusters of spore barring micrpphylls attached to the end of the stem

Question 10

monilophytes

Answer 10

as a result of genomic analyses we now know that they form a clade

Question 12

sori

Answer 12

the sporangia of ferns typically are borne on a stalk in clusters

Question 13

euphhyllophytes

Answer 13

the monilophytes and seed plants constitute a called

Question 14

overtopping

Answer 14

a growth pattern in which one branch differentiates from and grows beyond the others

Question 15

megaphyll

Answer 15

is thought to have a risen from the flattening of a portion

Question 16

homosporous

Answer 16

which bear a single type of spore

Question 17

heterosporous

Answer 17

a system with tow distinct types of spores evolved somewhat later

Question 18

female gametophyte

Answer 18

that only produce eggs

Question 19

male gametophyte

Answer 19

that only produce sperm

Question 20

megasporangia

Answer 20

the sporophyte produces megaspores in small numbers

Question 21

how do the vascular tissues xylem and phloem serve the vascular plants ?

Answer 21

xylem transports ater and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant , while phloem distributes sugars and nutrients produced bu photosynthetic throughout the plantd

Question 22

describe the evolution and distribution of different kinds of leaves and roots among the vascular plants

Answer 22

vascular plants evolved true roots for absorbing water and nutrients and leaves to improve photosynthetic , with these features spread across different plant groups

Question 23

explain the concept of heterospory , how does heterospory provide selective advantages over homospory?

Answer 23

heterosophy is when plants produce two types of spores male and female which gives an advantage over homospory by allowing better control of reproduction and the development of seeds .