Chapter 26-The Great West And The Agricultural Revolution Flashcards
A particularly violent example of the warfare between white and Native Americans in the late 19th century, also known as clusters last stand. In 2 days, June 25 and 26, 1875, the combined forces of 2,500 Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians defeated and killed more than 250 us soldiers, included colonel George Custer. The battle canes as the US government tried to compel tribes to remain on the reservation and they tried to defend territory from the white gold seekers. This Indian advantage did not last long, however, as the Union of the Indian fighters proved tenuous and the us army soon exacted retribution
Battle of Little Bighorn (577)
A battle between the us army and the Dakota Sioux, in which he two hundred native Americans and 29 us soldiers died. Tensions erupted violently over two major issues: the Sioux practice of the ghost dance, which the us government had outlawed, and the dispute over whether Sioux reservation land would be broken up because of the Dawes act.
Battle of Wounded Knee (579)
An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households. Leftover land was sold for money to fund the US government efforts to “civilize” Native Americans
Dawes severally act (580)
The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to the Native Americans tribes in the west, beginning in 1850s and ending with the Dawes act of 1887. Wishing these reservations, most land was used communally, rather than owned individually. The US government encouraged and sometimes violently coerce Native Americans to stay on the reservation at all times.
Reservation system(575)
After gold and silver strikes in Colorado, Nevada, and other western territories in the second half of the 19th century, fortune-seekers by the thousands rushed to the West to dig. These meta,s were essential to US industrial growth and were also sold into world markets. After surface metals were removed, people sought ways to extract ore from under the ground, leading to the development of heavy machinery. This, in turn, led to the consolidation of the mining industry, because only big companies could afford to buy the necessary machines
Mining industry (584)
The development of engine-driven machines, like the combine, which helped to dramatically increase the productivity of land in the 1870s and 1880s. This process contributed to the consolidation of agricultural business that drove many family farms out of existence
Mechanization of agriculture (591)
Officially known as the people’s party, the populists represented westerners and southerners who believed that US economic policy inappropriately favored Eastern businessmen instead of the nation’s farmers. Their proposals include nationalization of the railroads, a graduated income tax, and, most significantly, the unlimited coinage of silver.
Populists (597)
A strike by railroad workers upset by drastic wage cuts. The strike was led by socialist Eugene Debs but not supported by the American Federation of Labor. Eventually president Grover Cleveland intervened, and federal troops forced an end to the strike. The strike highlighted both divisions within labor and the governments new willingness to use armed forces to combat work stoppages.
Pullman strike (598)
A term national politics have used to describe politics from 1896 to 1932, when republicans had a tight grip on the White House and issues such as industrial regulation and labor concerns becomes paramount, replacing older concerns such as civil-service reform and monetary policy.
4th party system (602)
An act that guaranteed that paper currency would be redeemed freely in gold, putting an end to the already dying “free-silver” campaign
Gold Standard Act (604)
American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems.
Frederick Jackson Turner
A socialist American politician, who ran for elective office several times in Ohio. Supported and helped establish paper money. Led protest of unemployment from Panic of 1893
Jacob S Coxey
An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Deomcratic Convention, in which he attacked the “gold bugs” who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold.
Cross of Gold Speech
This Republican candidate defeated William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 presidential election. As a supporter of big business, he pushed for high protective tariffs. Under his leadership, the U.S. became an imperial world power. He was assassinated by an anarchist in 1901.
William McKinley
This Democratic candidate ran for president most famously in 1896 (and again in 1900). His goal of “free silver” (unlimited coinage of silver) won him the support of the Populist Party. Though a gifted orator, he lost the election to Republican William McKinley. He ran again for president and lost in 1900. Later he opposed America’s imperialist actions, and in the 1920s, he made his mark as a leader of the fundamentalist cause and prosecuting attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial.
William Jennings Bryan
