Chapter 26 Stress and Associated Problems Flashcards
What is a stress response?
A generalized or systemic response to a change which can be internal or external
What is the change called?
A stressor
What is a stressor?
A factor that creates significant change in body function
A stressor can be ___
- Physical, psychological, or both
- Real or anticipated
- Long term or short term
Give an example or a feedback loop to maintain homeostasis
- Blood glucose levels
- Body temperature
Define homeostasis
Body’s compensation to minor changes in needs or environment
Stress response is useful when ___
There is a physical threat (ex: running away from a bear)
What can stress response cause? (4)
- Increased wear and tear on tissues
- Exhaustion of resources
- Exacerbation of chronic conditions
- Maladaptive/Inappropriate response to stress
What are the significant effects of stress response? (5)
- Increased circulation (^ BP and HR)
- Increased oxygenation (^ bronchodilation and ventilation)
- Increased availability of energy (^ BG levels)
- Increased rate of cellular metabolism
- Enhanced cognitive function and short term memory
What body systems do not contribute to the stress response?
- Digestive system
- Inflammatory and immune responses
- Urinary?
What body parts are activated with the stress response?
- Hypothalamus
- SNS
- Adrenal Glands
What is the take away from the stress response?
The changes from a stress response help you deal with a stressor, especially physical stressors where your life may be in danger
What are the 4 things the stress response can cause?
- Headache
- Stomatitis and necrotizing periodontal disease
- Prolonged vasoconstriction
- Precipitating factor
When may a headache occur from a stress response?
During or after
What may prolonged vasoconstriction cause?
It can impair function or cause necrosis in the GI tract or kidneys resulting in ulcers or chronic renal failure
What can the stress response do to precipitating factors?
It can precipitate: herpes, asthma, cancer
It can exacerbate: MS, RA, SLE, IBS, Acne
What are the potential effects of prolonged or severe stress?
- Renal failure
- Stress ulcers
- Infection
- Slowed healing
- Posttraumatic stress disorder
How does renal failure occur?
- Prolonged severe vasoconstriction
- Ischemia causes cell damage
How do stress ulcers form?
- Vasoconstriction and glucocorticoids
- Decrease in mucosal regeneration and mucus production
How does infection occur?
- Depression of the inflammatory and immune responses
What causes slowed healing?
- Occurs following trauma or surgery
- Increased secretion of glucocorticoid - reduction in protein synthesis and tissue regeneration
- Increased catecholamine levels - vasoconstriction, reduced nutrients and oxygen to the tissue
When does posttraumatic stress disorder occur
Usually occurs within 3 months of the evening but may cause symptoms years later
What do people have a risk of with posttraumatic stress disorder?
Developing dependence on drugs and/or alcohol
What causes posttraumatic stress disorder?
Serious consequence of major disaster or personal threat
What are ways you can cope with stress?
- Regular moderate exercise
- Engage in distracting activities
- Relaxation techniques
- Counseling and support services
- Use creative solutions to minimize stressors and adapt quickly to stressor
- Ensure adequate rest and a healthy diet
