Chapter 26 Stress and Associated Problems

Question 1

What is a stress response?

Answer 1

A generalized or systemic response to a change which can be internal or external

Question 2

What is the change called?

Answer 2

A stressor

Question 3

What is a stressor?

Answer 3

A factor that creates significant change in body function

Question 4

A stressor can be ___

Answer 4

• Physical, psychological, or both
• Real or anticipated
• Long term or short term

Question 5

Give an example or a feedback loop to maintain homeostasis

Answer 5

• Blood glucose levels

- Body temperature

Question 6

Define homeostasis

Answer 6

Body’s compensation to minor changes in needs or environment

Question 7

Stress response is useful when ___

Answer 7

There is a physical threat (ex: running away from a bear)

Question 8

What can stress response cause? (4)

Answer 8

• Increased wear and tear on tissues
• Exhaustion of resources
• Exacerbation of chronic conditions
• Maladaptive/Inappropriate response to stress

Question 9

What are the significant effects of stress response? (5)

Answer 9

• Increased circulation (^ BP and HR)
• Increased oxygenation (^ bronchodilation and ventilation)
• Increased availability of energy (^ BG levels)
• Increased rate of cellular metabolism
• Enhanced cognitive function and short term memory

Question 10

What body systems do not contribute to the stress response?

Answer 10

• Digestive system
• Inflammatory and immune responses
• Urinary?

Question 11

What body parts are activated with the stress response?

Answer 11

• Hypothalamus
• SNS
• Adrenal Glands

Question 12

What is the take away from the stress response?

Answer 12

The changes from a stress response help you deal with a stressor, especially physical stressors where your life may be in danger

Question 13

What are the 4 things the stress response can cause?

Answer 13

• Headache
• Stomatitis and necrotizing periodontal disease
• Prolonged vasoconstriction
• Precipitating factor

Question 14

When may a headache occur from a stress response?

Answer 14

During or after

Question 15

What may prolonged vasoconstriction cause?

Answer 15

It can impair function or cause necrosis in the GI tract or kidneys resulting in ulcers or chronic renal failure

Question 16

What can the stress response do to precipitating factors?

Answer 16

It can precipitate: herpes, asthma, cancer

It can exacerbate: MS, RA, SLE, IBS, Acne

Question 17

What are the potential effects of prolonged or severe stress?

Answer 17

• Renal failure
• Stress ulcers
• Infection
• Slowed healing
• Posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 18

How does renal failure occur?

Answer 18

• Prolonged severe vasoconstriction

- Ischemia causes cell damage

Question 19

How do stress ulcers form?

Answer 19

• Vasoconstriction and glucocorticoids

- Decrease in mucosal regeneration and mucus production

Question 20

How does infection occur?

Answer 20

• Depression of the inflammatory and immune responses

Question 21

What causes slowed healing?

Answer 21

• Occurs following trauma or surgery
• Increased secretion of glucocorticoid - reduction in protein synthesis and tissue regeneration
• Increased catecholamine levels - vasoconstriction, reduced nutrients and oxygen to the tissue

Question 22

When does posttraumatic stress disorder occur

Answer 22

Usually occurs within 3 months of the evening but may cause symptoms years later

Question 23

What do people have a risk of with posttraumatic stress disorder?

Answer 23

Developing dependence on drugs and/or alcohol

Question 24

What causes posttraumatic stress disorder?

Answer 24

Serious consequence of major disaster or personal threat

Question 25

What are ways you can cope with stress?

Answer 25

• Regular moderate exercise
• Engage in distracting activities
• Relaxation techniques
• Counseling and support services
• Use creative solutions to minimize stressors and adapt quickly to stressor
• Ensure adequate rest and a healthy diet