Chapter 26 - Phylogeny and the tree of life COPY

Question 1

Phylogeny

Answer 1

evolutionary history of an organism

Question 2

Systematics

Answer 2

study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 3

Biodiversity

Answer 3

all diversity/variety of life on earth

Question 4

Taxonomy

Answer 4

science of naming organisms

Question 5

Taxon

Answer 5

named groups

Question 6

Classification

Answer 6

assigning organisms to meaningful & hierarchal

Question 7

phylogenetic tree

Answer 7

branching diagram showing evolutionary history of organisms

Question 8

The two goals of binomial nomenclature are to

Answer 8

avoid ambiguity and to accurately reflect the organism

Question 9

Ambiguity

Answer 9

unclear or confusing, or it can be understood in more than one way

Question 10

Bionomen consists of

Answer 10

the genus and the specific epithet

Question 11

Specific epithet

Question 12

“Phylo”

Answer 12

Greek term for tribe, genus, or species

Question 13

” -geny”

Answer 13

Greek term for generation origin, or production

Question 14

Evolutionary History

Answer 14

a species or group of related species

Question 15

Phylogeny is constructed by using

Answer 15

systematics and classifying organisms to determine evolutionary relationships

Question 16

Avoid Ambiguity

Answer 16

when communicating

Question 17

Accurately reflect

Answer 17

the organism

Question 18

two goals of binomial nomenclature

Answer 18

avoiding ambiguity & accurately reflecting on the organism

Question 19

Human in binomial ( latin) name

Answer 19

Homo sapiens

Question 20

Legless Glass Lizard binomial name

Answer 20

ophisauraus apodous

Question 21

Bacteria that contained chipotle’s lettuce

Answer 21

Escherichia Coli

Question 22

Bacteria that contaminated blue bell’s ice cream

Answer 22

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 23

Binomial Nomenclature ( Biomen)

Answer 23

a system to put organisms into a certain species

Question 24

Who created the binomial nomenclature?

Answer 24

Carlos Linnaeus

Question 25

Genus

Answer 25

always capitalized!

Question 26

Species

Answer 26

always lowercase!

Question 27

when typing genus you

Answer 27

Italicized

Question 28

when writing species you

Answer 28

underline

Question 29

when Carlous named and grouped off species he also put them into

Answer 29

Hierarchy ( categories)

Question 30

Branching diagram

Answer 30

represents a hypothesis

Question 31

evolutionary history

Answer 31

a history or groups of organisms

Question 32

Phylogenetic trees simply rely on

Answer 32

systematics

Question 33

evolutionary relationships

Answer 33

many types of phylogenetic trees given the same information

Question 34

Do Linnean Classification and phylogenies always agree? True or False

Answer 34

False

Question 35

why don't phylogenies and classification always agree?

Answer 35

Because some systematics have placed a species within a genus ( or other group) to which it is NOT closely related.

Question 36

Linnean Classification

Answer 36

every organism placed in a taxon ( group)

Question 37

systematics

Answer 37

every organism placed into a " clade"

Question 38

Example of why Linnean classification and phylogenies don't always agree?

Answer 38

Birds and reptiles

Question 39

example: birds and reptiles ; according to systematics

Answer 39

birds are considered a subgroup of reptilia

Question 40

" homo"

Answer 40

same

Question 41

" -logy"

Answer 41

study of

Question 42

phenotypic and genetic similarities due to

Answer 42

shared ancestry

Question 43

Analogy

Answer 43

Phenotypic and genetic similarities without shared ancestry due to convergent evolution.

Question 44

convergent evolution

Answer 44

Occurs when similar environmental pressures and natural selection produce analogous

Question 45

We need to use ______ to not _______

Answer 45

homologous structures ; analogous structure

Question 46

Homologous structure are due to

Answer 46

common ancestry

Question 47

Cladistics

Answer 47

is a systematic approach using common ancestry

Question 48

Clades

Answer 48

similar to categories in the Linnaean system ( are nested within larger clades)

Question 49

cladistics are used to generate

Answer 49

cladograms