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Biology 1030 - Organismal Biology > Chapter 26 - Phylogeny and the tree of life COPY > Flashcards

Chapter 26 - Phylogeny and the tree of life COPY Flashcards

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1
Q

Phylogeny

A

evolutionary history of an organism

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2
Q

Systematics

A

study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

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3
Q

Biodiversity

A

all diversity/variety of life on earth

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4
Q

Taxonomy

A

science of naming organisms

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5
Q

Taxon

A

named groups

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6
Q

Classification

A

assigning organisms to meaningful & hierarchal

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7
Q

phylogenetic tree

A

branching diagram showing evolutionary history of organisms

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8
Q

The two goals of binomial nomenclature are to

A

avoid ambiguity and to accurately reflect the organism

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9
Q

Ambiguity

A

unclear or confusing, or it can be understood in more than one way

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10
Q

Bionomen consists of

A

the genus and the specific epithet

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11
Q

Specific epithet

A
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12
Q

“Phylo”

A

Greek term for tribe, genus, or species

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13
Q

” -geny”

A

Greek term for generation origin, or production

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14
Q

Evolutionary History

A

a species or group of related species

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15
Q

Phylogeny is constructed by using

A

systematics and classifying organisms to determine evolutionary relationships

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16
Q

Avoid Ambiguity

A

when communicating

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17
Q

Accurately reflect

A

the organism

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18
Q

two goals of binomial nomenclature

A

avoiding ambiguity & accurately reflecting on the organism

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19
Q

Human in binomial ( latin) name

A

Homo sapiens

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20
Q

Legless Glass Lizard binomial name

A

ophisauraus apodous

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21
Q

Bacteria that contained chipotle’s lettuce

A

Escherichia Coli

22
Q

Bacteria that contaminated blue bell’s ice cream

A

Listeria monocytogenes

23
Q

Binomial Nomenclature ( Biomen)

A

a system to put organisms into a certain species

24
Q

Who created the binomial nomenclature?

A

Carlos Linnaeus

25
Q

Genus

A

always capitalized!

26
Q

Species

A

always lowercase!

27
Q

when typing genus you

A

Italicized

28
Q

when writing species you

A

underline

29
Q

when Carlous named and grouped off species he also put them into

A

Hierarchy ( categories)

30
Q

Branching diagram

A

represents a hypothesis

31
Q

evolutionary history

A

a history or groups of organisms

32
Q

Phylogenetic trees simply rely on

A

systematics

33
Q

evolutionary relationships

A

many types of phylogenetic trees given the same information

34
Q

Do Linnean Classification and phylogenies always agree? True or False

A

False

35
Q

why don’t phylogenies and classification always agree?

A

Because some systematics have placed a species within a genus ( or other group) to which it is NOT closely related.

36
Q

Linnean Classification

A

every organism placed in a taxon ( group)

37
Q

systematics

A

every organism placed into a “ clade”

38
Q

Example of why Linnean classification and phylogenies don’t always agree?

A

Birds and reptiles

39
Q

example: birds and reptiles ; according to systematics

A

birds are considered a subgroup of reptilia

40
Q

” homo”

A

same

41
Q

” -logy”

A

study of

42
Q

phenotypic and genetic similarities due to

A

shared ancestry

43
Q

Analogy

A

Phenotypic and genetic similarities without shared ancestry due to convergent evolution.

44
Q

convergent evolution

A

Occurs when similar environmental pressures and natural selection produce analogous

45
Q

We need to use ______ to not _______

A

homologous structures ; analogous structure

46
Q

Homologous structure are due to

A

common ancestry

47
Q

Cladistics

A

is a systematic approach using common ancestry

48
Q

Clades

A

similar to categories in the Linnaean system ( are nested within larger clades)

49
Q

cladistics are used to generate

A

cladograms

50
Q
A

Biology 1030 - Organismal Biology (2 decks)

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