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Pediatrics (Summer 2019) > Chapter 26-PEDIATRIC ABDOMEN-JAUNDICE > Flashcards

Chapter 26-PEDIATRIC ABDOMEN-JAUNDICE Flashcards

1
Q

describes the absence or deficiency of bile secretion or failure of the bile to enter the alimentary tract (i.e., secondary to obstruction); the stool is claylike and colorless

A

Acholic

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2
Q

inflammation of appendix

A

appendicitis

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3
Q

fecalith or calcification located within the appendix; echogenic

A

appendicolith

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4
Q

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening or tubular structure

A

atretic

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5
Q

hereditary disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait; clinical manifestations include umbilical hernia (exomphalos), macroglossia, and gigantism, often accompanied by visceromegaly and dysplasia of the renal medulla; also called exophthalmos-macroglossia-gigantism (EMG) syndrome

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

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6
Q

closure or absence of some or all of the major bile ducts

A

biliary atresia

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7
Q

congenital cystic malformation of the common bile duct

A

choledochal cyst

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8
Q

excessive development of one side or one half of the body or an organ

A

hemihypertrophy

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9
Q

thickened muscle in the pylorus that prevents food from entering the duodenum; occurs more frequently in males

A

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

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10
Q

thickened by absorption, evaporation, or dehydration

A

inspissated

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11
Q

occurs when bowel prolapses into distal bowel and is propelled in an antegrade fashion

A

intussusception

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12
Q

infant in first 28 days of life

A

neonate

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13
Q

a rapidly developing tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children

A

Wilm’s tumor also known as nephroblastoma

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14
Q

a malignant hemorrhagic tumor principally consisting of cells resembling neuroblasts that give rise to cells of the sympathetic system (especially the adrenal medulla)

A

neuroblastoma

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15
Q

condition in pyloric stenosis in the neonatal period; after drinking, the infant experiences projectile vomiting secondary to the obstruction in the pylorus

A

projectile vomiting

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16
Q

located between the stomach and duodenum

A

pyloric canal

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17
Q

photographing the scintillations emitted by radioactive substances injected into the body; this test is used to determine the outline and function of organs and tissues in which the radioactive substance collects or is secreted

A

scintigraphy

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18
Q

frequently associated with sectional areas of the gastrointestinal tract; the muscle is hyperechoic, and the inner core is hypoechoic

A

target (donut) sign

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19
Q

Jaundice can be caused by which kinds of obstruction of flow?

A

intrahepatic or extrahepatic obstruction

20
Q

What are the three most common causes of jaundice??

A

1) Hepatitis
2) Biliary Atresia
3) Choledochal Cyst

21
Q

Hepatitis and Metabolic disease are what type of obstruction conditions

A

Intrahepatic (in liver)

22
Q

Choledochal cyst, biliary atresia, and spontaneous perforation of bile ducts are what type of obstruction condition?

A

Extrahepatic

23
Q

A liver infection that occurs within the first 3 months

Can caused by infections, idiopathic causes, metabolism errors, and metabolic disorders.

A

Neonatal Hepatitis

24
Q

How does neonatal hepatitis reach the liver?

A

through the placenta via the vagina from infected maternal secretinos, catheters, or blood transfusions.

25
Q

What does neonatal hepatitis look like on Ultrasound

A
  • normal to enlarged
  • echogenic w/ decreased visualization of portal venous structure
  • small GB if the hepatocellular dysfunction is severe.
26
Q

The narrowing or underdevelopment of the biliary ductal system

Most common form has an absent gallbladder

A

Biliary Atresia

27
Q

Biliary Atresia is more common in ________.

Male/Female

A

Male

28
Q

Clinical features in a neonate indicates what pathology
________

Persistent jaundice, acholic stools, dark urine, and distended abdomen

A

biliary atresia

29
Q

A patient comes in and the scan shows a normal to enlarged liver, normal/increased echogenicity, change in GB size after drinking milk (suggests hepatic and CBD are patent)

What would this indicate?

A

Biliary Atresia

30
Q

Abnormal cystic dilation of biliary tree that most commonly affects CBD

A

Choledochal Cyst

31
Q

Patient comes in and clinically presents w/ jaundice and pain. She has a palpable mass in her RUQ. Ultrasound shows dilation of ductal system w/ a mass.

What would this indicate?

A

Choledochal cyst

32
Q

What is the most common benign vascular tumor of early childhood that typically occurs within the first 6 months of life?

A

Infantile Hemangioendothelioma

33
Q

Infantile hemangioendothelioma grows rapidly causing abdominal distention.

T/F

A

True

34
Q

A patient comes in and presents clinically with hepatmegaly and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. Her abdomen is distended. Her ultrasound shows multiple hypoechoic lesions, calcification, and is well circumscribed.

What does she have, and how long will it take until it spontaneously regresses?

A

Infantile Hemangioendothelioma

35
Q

What is the most common primary malignant disease of the liver that occurs frequently in children under 5 and most are under 2 years old?

A

Hepatoblastoma

36
Q

What is the 3rd most common abdominal malignancy after Wilms Tumor?

A

Hepatoblastoma

37
Q

_____ is considered the infant form of hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann

A

Hepatoblastoma

38
Q

A patient comes in and presents clinically with a palpable mass, elevated serum-alpha-fetoprotein, fever, pain and weight loss. When scanned, we find hepatomegaly w/ a solitary mass and calcification and portal vein thrombosis.

What does this patient have?

A

Hepatoblastoma

39
Q

What is the 2nd most common malignant tumor in childhood in which half the children have preexisting liver disease?

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

40
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma presents as ??

A

multicentric solid mass w/o calcifications

41
Q

Where is the pyloric canal located?

A

between the stomach and duodenum

42
Q

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis is more frequently in males between 2-6 weeks old?

True/False

A

True

43
Q

What is the most common acute abdominal inflammatory process after gastroenteritis that occurs when appendiceal lumen becomes obstructed and infected?

A

Appendicitis

44
Q

Clinical findings of RLQ and vomiting, fever and increased WBC

What could this indicate?

A

Appendicitis

45
Q

Sonographically ___________ shows a non-compressible appendix, lack of peristalsis in appendix,,localized pain w/ transducer pressure and free fluid in lower abdomen.

A

Appendicitis

46
Q

Most common acute abdominal disorder in early childhood that occurs when bowel prolapes into more distal bowel and is propelled antegrade

A

Intussusception

47
Q

Intussusception is more common in females

T/F

A

FALSE

more common in males 2:1

Pediatrics (Summer 2019) (5 decks)

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