Chapter 26-PEDIATRIC ABDOMEN-JAUNDICE

Question 1

describes the absence or deficiency of bile secretion or failure of the bile to enter the alimentary tract (i.e., secondary to obstruction); the stool is claylike and colorless

Answer 1

Acholic

Question 2

inflammation of appendix

Answer 2

appendicitis

Question 3

fecalith or calcification located within the appendix; echogenic

Answer 3

appendicolith

Question 4

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening or tubular structure

Answer 4

atretic

Question 5

hereditary disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait; clinical manifestations include umbilical hernia (exomphalos), macroglossia, and gigantism, often accompanied by visceromegaly and dysplasia of the renal medulla; also called exophthalmos-macroglossia-gigantism (EMG) syndrome

Answer 5

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Question 6

closure or absence of some or all of the major bile ducts

Answer 6

biliary atresia

Question 7

congenital cystic malformation of the common bile duct

Answer 7

choledochal cyst

Question 8

excessive development of one side or one half of the body or an organ

Answer 8

hemihypertrophy

Question 9

thickened muscle in the pylorus that prevents food from entering the duodenum; occurs more frequently in males

Answer 9

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 10

thickened by absorption, evaporation, or dehydration

Answer 10

inspissated

Question 11

occurs when bowel prolapses into distal bowel and is propelled in an antegrade fashion

Answer 11

intussusception

Question 12

infant in first 28 days of life

Answer 12

neonate

Question 13

a rapidly developing tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children

Answer 13

Wilm’s tumor also known as nephroblastoma

Question 14

a malignant hemorrhagic tumor principally consisting of cells resembling neuroblasts that give rise to cells of the sympathetic system (especially the adrenal medulla)

Answer 14

neuroblastoma

Question 15

condition in pyloric stenosis in the neonatal period; after drinking, the infant experiences projectile vomiting secondary to the obstruction in the pylorus

Answer 15

projectile vomiting

Question 16

located between the stomach and duodenum

Answer 16

pyloric canal

Question 17

photographing the scintillations emitted by radioactive substances injected into the body; this test is used to determine the outline and function of organs and tissues in which the radioactive substance collects or is secreted

Answer 17

scintigraphy

Question 18

frequently associated with sectional areas of the gastrointestinal tract; the muscle is hyperechoic, and the inner core is hypoechoic

Answer 18

target (donut) sign

Question 19

Jaundice can be caused by which kinds of obstruction of flow?

Answer 19

intrahepatic or extrahepatic obstruction

Question 20

What are the three most common causes of jaundice??

Answer 20

1) Hepatitis
2) Biliary Atresia
3) Choledochal Cyst

Question 21

Hepatitis and Metabolic disease are what type of obstruction conditions

Answer 21

Intrahepatic (in liver)

Question 22

Choledochal cyst, biliary atresia, and spontaneous perforation of bile ducts are what type of obstruction condition?

Answer 22

Extrahepatic

Question 23

A liver infection that occurs within the first 3 months

Can caused by infections, idiopathic causes, metabolism errors, and metabolic disorders.

Answer 23

Neonatal Hepatitis

Question 24

How does neonatal hepatitis reach the liver?

Answer 24

through the placenta via the vagina from infected maternal secretinos, catheters, or blood transfusions.

Question 25

What does neonatal hepatitis look like on Ultrasound

Answer 25

- normal to enlarged - echogenic w/ decreased visualization of portal venous structure - small GB if the hepatocellular dysfunction is severe.

Question 26

The narrowing or underdevelopment of the biliary ductal system Most common form has an absent gallbladder

Answer 26

Biliary Atresia

Question 27

Biliary Atresia is more common in ________. Male/Female

Answer 27

Male

Question 28

Clinical features in a neonate indicates what pathology ________ Persistent jaundice, acholic stools, dark urine, and distended abdomen

Answer 28

biliary atresia

Question 29

A patient comes in and the scan shows a normal to enlarged liver, normal/increased echogenicity, change in GB size after drinking milk (suggests hepatic and CBD are patent) What would this indicate?

Answer 29

Biliary Atresia

Question 30

Abnormal cystic dilation of biliary tree that most commonly affects CBD

Answer 30

Choledochal Cyst

Question 31

Patient comes in and clinically presents w/ jaundice and pain. She has a palpable mass in her RUQ. Ultrasound shows dilation of ductal system w/ a mass. What would this indicate?

Answer 31

Choledochal cyst

Question 32

What is the most common benign vascular tumor of early childhood that typically occurs within the first 6 months of life?

Answer 32

Infantile Hemangioendothelioma

Question 33

Infantile hemangioendothelioma grows rapidly causing abdominal distention. T/F

Answer 33

True

Question 34

A patient comes in and presents clinically with hepatmegaly and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. Her abdomen is distended. Her ultrasound shows multiple hypoechoic lesions, calcification, and is well circumscribed. What does she have, and how long will it take until it spontaneously regresses?

Answer 34

Infantile Hemangioendothelioma

Question 35

What is the most common primary malignant disease of the liver that occurs frequently in children under 5 and most are under 2 years old?

Answer 35

Hepatoblastoma

Question 36

What is the 3rd most common abdominal malignancy after Wilms Tumor?

Answer 36

Hepatoblastoma

Question 37

_____ is considered the infant form of hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann

Answer 37

Hepatoblastoma

Question 38

A patient comes in and presents clinically with a palpable mass, elevated serum-alpha-fetoprotein, fever, pain and weight loss. When scanned, we find hepatomegaly w/ a solitary mass and calcification and portal vein thrombosis. What does this patient have?

Answer 38

Hepatoblastoma

Question 39

What is the 2nd most common malignant tumor in childhood in which half the children have preexisting liver disease?

Answer 39

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Question 40

Hepatocellular carcinoma presents as ??

Answer 40

multicentric solid mass w/o calcifications

Question 41

Where is the pyloric canal located?

Answer 41

between the stomach and duodenum

Question 42

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis is more frequently in males between 2-6 weeks old? True/False

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What is the most common acute abdominal inflammatory process after gastroenteritis that occurs when appendiceal lumen becomes obstructed and infected?

Answer 43

Appendicitis

Question 44

Clinical findings of RLQ and vomiting, fever and increased WBC What could this indicate?

Answer 44

Appendicitis

Question 45

Sonographically ___________ shows a non-compressible appendix, lack of peristalsis in appendix,,localized pain w/ transducer pressure and free fluid in lower abdomen.

Answer 45

Appendicitis

Question 46

Most common acute abdominal disorder in early childhood that occurs when bowel prolapes into more distal bowel and is propelled antegrade

Answer 46

Intussusception

Question 47

Intussusception is more common in females T/F

Answer 47

FALSE more common in males 2:1