Chapter 26 Flashcards
In the later 1700’s what country became the main threat to the ottomans survival?
Russia
Upon what did Mahmud pattern his reform efforts?
Western ideas
What European nation supported the Ottoman Empire in order to prevent other European powers from gaining access to the Mediterranean?
Britain
What group within the Ottoman Empire actually suffered as a result of the Tanzimat reforms?
Artisans
What happened to the role of women under the Tanzimat reforms?
Few improvements despite discussion
In which area did sultan Abdul hamid continue to press for increased westernization?
Military reform
Which group was responsible for the overthrow of the ottoman sultanate in 1908?
Young Turks
Why did Arab support for the Young Turks wane after 1908?
Young Turks had no intentions of abandoning empire
What nation’s invasion of Egypt in 1798 signaled the beginning of European penetration of the Islamic heartland?
France
By 1801 what ruler had succeeded in establishing his dominance over Egypt?
Muhammad Ali
What Islamic group ruled Egypt in 1798?
Mamluks
What prevented Muhammad Ali from overthrowing the Ottoman Empire?
European powers help the ottomans
While some of Muhammad Ali’s reforms succeeded, which of his reforms failed?
Failed to build up Egypt’s industrial sector
What was the result of the rebellion by Egyptian army officers in 1882?
Brits help to crush rebellion
Who was responsible for the unification of the Manchu tribesmen prior to the invasion of china in the 17th century?
Nurhaci
The dynastic name taken by the Manchu dynasty was what?
Qing
What was the Manchus approach to Chinese in the government?
Allowed Chinese in almost all positions in bureaucracy
What accounts for the general failure of Manchu attempts at land reform?
Enormous population growth; not enough land
British merchants hit on a possible solution to reverse the flow of bullion in the form of the sale of what?
Opium
What was the impact of the sale of Opium upon the silver trade?
Reversed flow of silver; silver flow of of china
The semi-Christian rebellion that broke out on southern china in the 1850’s and early 1860’s was called what?
Taiping rebellion
What was a major outcome of the opium wars?
Allowed European powers to force Chinese to open more trade
What did the Manchu rulers resist during the late 19th century?
Far-reaching reforms that would have saved the empire
What were signs of dynastic decline apparent in the Qing regime by the beginning of the 19th century?
- corruption of civil service exam
- diversion of $ from state projects to private ones
- food shortages
What were four parts of the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire?
- western style education
- state run postal & telegraph systems
- constitution based in European types
- extensive legal reforms
Why were weaknesses associated with the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century?
- weak rulers
- competition between elites
- declining conditions for artisans
- weak military force
