Chapter 26

Question 0

In the later 1700’s what country became the main threat to the ottomans survival?

Answer 0

Russia

Question 1

Upon what did Mahmud pattern his reform efforts?

Answer 1

Western ideas

Question 2

What European nation supported the Ottoman Empire in order to prevent other European powers from gaining access to the Mediterranean?

Answer 2

Britain

Question 3

What group within the Ottoman Empire actually suffered as a result of the Tanzimat reforms?

Answer 3

Artisans

Question 4

What happened to the role of women under the Tanzimat reforms?

Answer 4

Few improvements despite discussion

Question 5

In which area did sultan Abdul hamid continue to press for increased westernization?

Answer 5

Military reform

Question 6

Which group was responsible for the overthrow of the ottoman sultanate in 1908?

Answer 6

Young Turks

Question 7

Why did Arab support for the Young Turks wane after 1908?

Answer 7

Young Turks had no intentions of abandoning empire

Question 8

What nation’s invasion of Egypt in 1798 signaled the beginning of European penetration of the Islamic heartland?

Answer 8

France

Question 9

By 1801 what ruler had succeeded in establishing his dominance over Egypt?

Answer 9

Muhammad Ali

Question 10

What Islamic group ruled Egypt in 1798?

Answer 10

Mamluks

Question 11

What prevented Muhammad Ali from overthrowing the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 11

European powers help the ottomans

Question 12

While some of Muhammad Ali’s reforms succeeded, which of his reforms failed?

Answer 12

Failed to build up Egypt’s industrial sector

Question 13

What was the result of the rebellion by Egyptian army officers in 1882?

Answer 13

Brits help to crush rebellion

Question 14

Who was responsible for the unification of the Manchu tribesmen prior to the invasion of china in the 17th century?

Answer 14

Nurhaci

Question 15

The dynastic name taken by the Manchu dynasty was what?

Answer 15

Qing

Question 16

What was the Manchus approach to Chinese in the government?

Answer 16

Allowed Chinese in almost all positions in bureaucracy

Question 17

What accounts for the general failure of Manchu attempts at land reform?

Answer 17

Enormous population growth; not enough land

Question 18

British merchants hit on a possible solution to reverse the flow of bullion in the form of the sale of what?

Answer 18

Opium

Question 19

What was the impact of the sale of Opium upon the silver trade?

Answer 19

Reversed flow of silver; silver flow of of china

Question 20

The semi-Christian rebellion that broke out on southern china in the 1850’s and early 1860’s was called what?

Answer 20

Taiping rebellion

Question 21

What was a major outcome of the opium wars?

Answer 21

Allowed European powers to force Chinese to open more trade

Question 22

What did the Manchu rulers resist during the late 19th century?

Answer 22

Far-reaching reforms that would have saved the empire

Question 23

What were signs of dynastic decline apparent in the Qing regime by the beginning of the 19th century?

Answer 23

• corruption of civil service exam
• diversion of $ from state projects to private ones
• food shortages

Question 24

What were four parts of the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 24

• western style education
• state run postal & telegraph systems
• constitution based in European types
• extensive legal reforms

Question 25

Why were weaknesses associated with the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century?

Answer 25

• weak rulers
• competition between elites
• declining conditions for artisans
• weak military force