Chapter 26

Question 1

Systematics

Answer 1

Discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining evolutionary relationships

Question 2

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 2

• Genus: Classification of the species

- Specific epithet: Unique to species

Question 3

Phylogeny

Answer 3

Evolutionary history of a group of organisms represented in a branching diagram

Question 4

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 4

• Placed related genera into: family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
• King Philip came over for good soup (kingdom, phyla, class, order, family, genera, species)

Question 5

Importance of phylogenies

Answer 5

• Help with molecular clock, making hypotheses about species

Question 6

Analogous

Answer 6

• Similarities between organisms as a result of convergent evolution

Question 7

Homologous

Answer 7

• Phenotypic/genetic similarities due to shared ancestry

Question 8

Problems with phylogenies (morphology)

Answer 8

• Organisms may morphological be similar but vary extensively in terms of genetics

Question 9

Orthologous Genes

Answer 9

homology resulting from speciation event; occurs between genes (found in different species)

Question 10

Paralogous genes

Answer 10

Can diverge within a species; present in more than one copy of a gene