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Environmental Science > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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0
Q

True or false? Sustainable development is both people-centered and conservation based.

A

True

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1
Q

True or false? In developing countries, people spend 40% of their income on food.

A

True

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2
Q

Overpopulation , political corruption, misguided development efforts and war are factors that may exacerbate environmental problems in developing countries

A

True

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3
Q

True or false? Most development strategies have attempted to impose western ways on developing nations

A

True

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4
Q

True or false? Huge fans built for hydropower may flood productive farmland and displace farmers

A

True

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5
Q

True or false? Western development often undermines sustainable practices and sustainable cultures

A

True

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6
Q

True or false? The world bank is a multilateral development bank.

A

True

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7
Q

True or false? To create a sustainable future, developing nations must show population growth.

A

True

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8
Q

True or false? Appropriate technology refers to the assortment of environmentally compatible technologies

A

True

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9
Q

True or false? Nongovernmental organizations are private groups involved in sustainable development

A

True

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10
Q

True or false? Bhutan is a country nestled in the Swiss alps

A

False

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11
Q

True or false? In most developing countries men collect firewood, maintain the gardens and care for the children

A

False

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12
Q

True or false? Environmental protection is a luxury that should be addressed after people of developing countries have achieved prosperity

A

False

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13
Q

True or false? Environmental protection is an indulgence that can be only afforded by the wealthy in developing countries

A

False

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14
Q

True or false? Developing nations will not need much money to develop in a sustainable fashion

A

False

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15
Q

True or false? Energy efficiency projects constitute less than 1% of all international aid to developing nations

A

False

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16
Q

True or false? Environmental decay drives many people into poverty in developing nations

A

True

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17
Q

True or false? One economic barrier to environmental protection in developing nations night be there large expenditures for military protection

A

True

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18
Q

True or false? Wealthy nations can improve the economic conditions of developing nations by ending their exploitation of natural resources

A

True

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19
Q

True or false? Debt-for-nature swaps is one way to relieve the burden of the international debt many developing nations carry

A

True

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20
Q

In Central America, chronic and acute (?) poisoning are some of the regions most serious problems

A

Pesticide

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21
Q

The disruption of local cultures during the development process is known as (?) erosion

A

Cultural

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22
Q

Huge dams build for (?) often flood productive farmland and displace farmers

A

Hydropower

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23
Q

Today, over (?) of the irrigated crook and in developing countries suffers from salinization

A

Half

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24
Q

(?) technologies are reliant on locally available resources and knowledge for repair and service

A

Appropriate

25
Q

Tractors and diesel-powered water pumps are often (?) technologies for developing nations

A

Inappropriate

26
Q

(?) box cookers are suitable in regions where firewood is scare and sunlight abundant

A

Solar

27
Q

(?) are far cheaper than centralized, coal-fired power plants in rural regions of developing countries

A

Photovoltaics

28
Q

Ghandi summed up the challenge of development when he said “the poor if the world canning be helped by the mass production, only by (?) of the masses”

A

Production

29
Q

Western style development has been driven by (?) ethics

A

Frontier

30
Q

Farming practices that many be suitable in Iowa often fail miserably in the (?)

A

Tropics

31
Q

Convinced of the superiority of western ways, many experts overlook the knowledge held by (?) peoples

A

Indigenous

32
Q

The Lancandons of Mexico practiced agroforestry and grew as many as (?) different crops in the rainforest

A

80

33
Q

Development is unlikely to be sustained unless the needs of (?) are identified and local residents support the project

A

People

34
Q

Developers might be advised to find projects that promote the good of the entire (?), rather than the enterprises that promote private ownership and competition

A

Community

35
Q

Large bureaucracies lack the (?) to respond to problems because they tend to be organized from the top down.

A

Flexibility

36
Q

(?) okay an important role job shaping a country’s future but are often regulated to an inferior position

A

Women

37
Q

In most developing countries, women are important managers of (?) resources

A

Natural

38
Q

Sustainable development clearly requires steps to (?) the status of women

A

Improve

39
Q

Environmental protection and efficiency are often seen as (?) in developing countries

A

Luxuries

40
Q

Which of the following responses is a problem with western style development in developing nations?
A) western hell tends to centralize wealth and destroy sustainable lifestyles.
B) western development radically reshape a the environment.
C) western development encourages depletion of natural resources
D) western development promotes a costly dependency on western economies.
E) all of the above

A

E

41
Q 
The harmful influence dk western development in sustainable practices and sustainable culture is called 
A) assimilation
B) cultural erosion
C) ethnocentrism 
D) exploitation
E) dominance
A

B

42
Q

Financing for international development comes from
A) multilateral development banks
B) private commercial banks
C) development agencies of the industrial nations
D) private foundations
E) all of the above

A

E

43
Q

To create a sustainable future developing nations must
A) slow population growth
B) become more self sufficient
C) improve education and health care
D) build sustainable systems of agriculture and commerce
E) all of the above

A

E

44
Q 
Solar powered pumps, photovoltaic cells and solar box cookers are examples of 
A) new age technologies
B) expensive and unfeasible technology
C) appropriate technology
D) camping equipment 
E) unsustainable development
A

C

45
Q

The Lancandons are
A) an extinct tribe from the amazon region
B) a group of Irish farmers
C) a Mexican tribe descended from the Mayans
D) wheat farmers in Alberta
E) the first settlers in Pennsylvania

A

C

46
Q

Creating flexible management structures are more responsive to emergent needs in developing countries may require removing international development agencies and banks and replacing them with:
A) government agencies
B) unions
C) nongovernmental organizations
D) international aid agencies like Red Cross
E) private banking organizations

A

C

47
Q

Working women’s forum is an organization that seeks to:
A) organize women into labor unions
B) provide credit to ritual women to help them start small businesses
C) help women acquire governmental aid for prenatal and child care, immunization, and family planning.
D) a and b only
E) b and c only

A

E

48
Q 
To be sustainable, social and economic development strategies must (?) natural systems, which provide free services such as flood control and water purification
A) exploit
B) protect
C) harvest
D) economically dominate 
E) change
A

B

49
Q

The worlds bank new guidelines for international development
A) encourage forest exploitation and timber harvest
B) foster western style development projects in lieu of sustainable local solutions
C) strictly prohibits supporting projects that will destroy wild lands of special concern, including wetlands and rainforests.
D) encourage oil and mineral exploration and development in rain forests around the world
E) eliminate the need for nongovernmental organizations

A

C

50
Q 
Today energy efficiency projects constitute less than(?)% of all international aid
A) 1
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
E) 25
A

A

51
Q 
Four multicultural development banks supply financing for international development. They are the worlds bank, inter-American development bank, the Asian development bank and the (?)
A) chase bank
B) bank America 
C) African development bank
D) works development bank
E) us treasury
A

C

52
Q

The country of Bhutan reacted to exploitation of it’s forest resources by
A) encouraging export of wood
B) passing legislation to limit the exploitation
C) nationalizing most logging operations
D) expanding logging production
E) increasing import if wood products

A

C

53
Q 
Appropriate technologies depend more on (?) than on machines and fossil fuel energy. 
A) exploitation of resources 
B) ancient technologies
C) tribal customs 
D) human labor
E) computes
A

D

54
Q 
The use of diesel powered tractors and pumps may be inappropriate technologies for developing nations because they 
A) displace farm workers
B) are expensive to operate
C) are expensive to repair
D) a and b only
E) a, b and c
A

E

55
Q

The solar box cooker uses sunlight to cook meals, is inexpensive and can
A) reduce health problems due to smoke inhalation
B) reduce deforestation
C) be sustainable in regions where firewood is scarce and sunlight is abundant.
D) a and b only
E) a, b and c

A

E

56
Q

Which of the following responses is a characteristic of western style development
A) promoting individual success and gain
B) rural people working together for the good of the entire citizenry.
C) dependence on locally prosecuted goods and services
D) respecting local knowledge of the environmental and cultural traditions
E) viewing local cultures as the key to achieving a sustainable development strategy

A

A

57
Q

Which of the following responses is a problem of traditional development strategies?
A) bureaucracies tend to manage large projects great distances from their headquarters
B) large bureaucracies tend to be inflexible and may not overcome obstacles easily.
C) local knowledge is often ignored in face of western expertise
D) development projects may be culturally insensitive
E) all of the above

A

E

58
Q 
Sustainable development clearly requires steps to improve the status of
A) farm workers
B) laborers
C) carpenters
D) women
E) multinational corporations
A

D

59
Q

Which of the following responses is a potential barrier to sustainable development?
A) environmental protection is a luxury
B) efficiency is a luxury
C) huge sums of money will be required by developing nations
D) a and b only
E) a, b and c

A

E

Environmental Science (5 decks)

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