Chapter 25 Quiz

Question 1

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:
Select one:
A. placing a rolled 4² × 4² dressing between his lower lip and gum.
B. having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine.
C. pinching the patient’s nostrils and having him lean forward.
D. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops.

Answer 1

C. pinching the patient’s nostrils and having him lean forward.

Question 2

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:
Select one:
A. acute appendicitis.
B. an aortic aneurysm.
C. gastrointestinal bleeding.
D. intrathoracic hemorrhaging.

Answer 2

C. gastrointestinal bleeding.

Question 3

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:
Select one:
A. apply a nonrebreathing mask.
B. assist the patient's ventilations.
C. obtain baseline vital signs.
D. perform a secondary assessment.

Answer 3

B. assist the patient’s ventilations.

Question 4

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
A. hypoperfusion
B. hemorrhage
C. coagulation
D. perfusion

Answer 4

D. perfusion

Question 5

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:
Select one:
A. spleen.
B. gallbladder.
C. pancreas.
D. liver.

Answer 5

A. spleen.

Question 6

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
Select one:
A. the patient’s systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.
B. the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.
C. at least 10% of the patient’s blood volume is lost.
D. the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced.

Answer 6

B. the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

Question 7

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient’s arm, the EMT should ________.
Select one:
A. apply direct pressure first
B. use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound
C. cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing
D. All of these answers are correct.

Answer 7

D. All of these answers are correct.

Question 8

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:
Select one:
A. a splint and elevate the extremity.
B. additional sterile dressings.
C. a tourniquet proximal to the injury.
D. digital pressure to a proximal artery.

Answer 8

C. a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

Question 9

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:
Select one:
A. a low blood pressure.
B. weakness or dizziness.
C. diaphoresis and pale skin.
D. a heart rate over 120 beats/min.

Answer 9

B. weakness or dizziness.

Question 10

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by:
Select one:
A. splinting the extremity.
B. applying a tourniquet.
C. keeping the patient warm.
D. applying chemical ice pack.

Answer 10

A. splinting the extremity.

Question 11

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than \_\_\_\_\_\_ of his or her total blood volume.
Select one:
A. 5%
B. 15%
C. 10%
D. 20%

Answer 11

D. 20%

Question 12

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:
Select one:
A. clinical signs and symptoms.
B. the mechanism of injury.
C. systolic blood pressure.
D. poor general appearance.

Answer 12

C. systolic blood pressure.

Question 13

What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding?
Select one:
A. Clotting
B. Coagulation
C. Vasoconstriction
D. All of these answers are correct.

Answer 13

D. All of these answers are correct.

Question 14

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:
Select one:
A. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.
B. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding.
C. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first.
D. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control.

Answer 14

A. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

Question 15

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?
Select one:
A. The patient has not eaten in 24 hours.
B. The patient had a stroke 5 years prior.
C. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).
D. The patient has a history of hypertension.

Answer 15

C. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

Question 16

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?
Select one:
A. Sling and swathe
B. Vacuum splint
C. Cardboard splint
D. Air splint

Answer 16

D. Air splint

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?
Select one:
A. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting.
B. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.
C. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets.
D. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Answer 17

D. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Question 18

Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)?
Select one:
A. Brain
B. Kidneys
C. Gastrointestinal system
D. Skeletal muscle

Answer 18

C. Gastrointestinal system

Question 19

Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues?
Select one:
A. White blood cells
B. Red blood cells
C. Platelets
D. Plasma

Answer 19

B. Red blood cells

Question 20

Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?
Select one:
A. Left
B. Right
C. Atria
D. Ventricles

Answer 20

B. Right