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anatomy exam 3 > chapter 25 part 2 exam 3 > Flashcards

chapter 25 part 2 exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Stomach

A
  • stores ingesta
  • first site of significant chemical digestion: pepsin; low pH
  • Mechanical digestion
  • Formation of chyme
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2
Q

Stomach musculature churns the ____

A

ingesta

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3
Q

Gastric folds

A

gastric rugae

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4
Q

Gastric cells: mucous secrets

A

Mucin

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5
Q

Gastic cells: Parietal secrets

A

HCl

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6
Q

Gastric cells: Chief secrets

A

pepsinogen

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7
Q

Gastric cells: Enteroendocrine secretes

A

hormones

-G: gastrin

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8
Q

Gastric secretions and stomach churning are controlled by hormones from _____________ cells

A

enteroendocrine

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9
Q

Pepsinogen turns into pepsin when exposed to _____

A

HCL

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10
Q

Pepsin & pH of ___ will break down proteins

A

2

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11
Q

functions of small intestine

A
  • buffer chyme to pH of 4
  • Chemical/mechanical digestion
  • nutrient absorption
  • water absorption
  • immune function
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12
Q

Duodenum (small intestine)

A
  • shortest section
  • chemical/mechanical digestion
  • Bicarbonate from Brunner’s gland
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13
Q

Jejunum (small intestine)

A
  • chemical/mechanical digestion
  • Secretion of small intestine enzymes
  • absorption
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14
Q

Ileum (small intestine)

A
  • longest section
  • some absorption
  • immune function, Peyer’s patches
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15
Q

SI enzymes on lactase

A

lactose into glucose and galactose

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16
Q

SI enzymes on peptidase

A

peptides into AA (amino acids)

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17
Q

SI enzymes on Maltase

A

maltose to glucose

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18
Q

Lacteal

A

lymphatic vessel

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19
Q

Large Intestine parts

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
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20
Q

Functions of large intestine

A
  • absorbs water & salts, compacts feces
  • site for bacterial fermentation, Vitamin K synthesis, SCFAs
  • feces storage
  • pH regulation
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21
Q

Appendix (veriform appendix)

A

part of lymphatic system, reservoir of microbiota

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22
Q

Teniae Coli

A

very large bands of longitudinal muscle

23
Q

Haustra

A

pouches on wall of LI formed by teniae coli

24
Q

Large intestine lacks

25
Goblet cells (large intestine)
large amounts of mucin
26
Segmentation and peristalsis occurs in ___
large intestine
27
Mass movement
large movements of material through 2nd half of large intestine
28
Internal anal sphincter
- Smooth muscle | - involuntary control
29
External anal sphincter
- skeletal muscle | - voluntary control
30
Liver functions
- -produce bile - -Gluconeogenesis: make glucose - -AA transamination: covert AAs to different types; essential AA to non-essential AA - -Lipogenesis: Carbohydrates to lipids - -Regulate plasma nutrient levels - -Degradation of RBCs - -Inactivate toxins - -Store fat soluble vitamins
31
Liver; Gluconeogenesis
make glucose
32
Liver; AA transamination
covert AAs to different types; essential AA to non-essential AA
33
Liver; Lipogenesis
carbohydrates to lipids
34
Hepatic portal vein
drained blood from intestines gets sent to liver
35
Liver Lobules
arrangement of hepatocytes, framed by 6 portal triads
36
Portal Triads * (in liver)
interlobular vein, artery, & bile duct
37
Portal Vein ** (In liver)
drained blood from intestines
38
Stellate macrophages** (in liver)
phagocytic cells
39
Gallbladder
stores bile from liver
40
Pancreas
- -Acinar cells (exocrine): enzymes - -Pancreatic islet (endocrine): hormones; insulin, glucagon - -Somatostatin: reduce HCI production - -Buffers: to raise pH
41
Pancreas; Acinar cells (exocrine)
enzymes
42
Pancreas; Pancreatic islet (endocrine)
hormones - Insulin - Glucagon
43
Pancreas; somatostatin
reduce HCI production
44
Pancreas; Buffers
to raise pH
45
Bile
- made by liver - metabolic waster - Bilirubin: byproduct of RBC degradation - Bile salts: emulsifies fats (allow lipase to work, allows for micelles to form)
46
Bile; Bilirubin
byproduct of red blood cells degredation
47
Bile; Bile salts
- emulsifies fats - -allows Lipase to work - -Allows for Micelles to form
48
Pancreas exocrine secretions
- Bicarbonate ions to raise pH to 4 - Lipase: breaks down fats - Trypsin & Chymotrypsin: break proteins - Amylase: breaks complex sugars - Nucleases: break nucleic acids
49
Pancreas exocrine secretions; Bicarbonate ions
raise pH to 4
50
Pancreas exocrine secretions; Lipase
breaks down fats
51
Pancreas exocrine secretions; Trypsin & Chymotrypsin
break proteins
52
Pancreas exocrine secretions; Amylase
break complex sugars
53
Pancreas exocrine secretions; Nucleases
break nucleic acids
54
Bile salts increase exposed surface area of _____ _____
fat globules

anatomy exam 3 (4 decks)

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