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anatomy exam 3 > chapter 25 part 2 exam 3 > Flashcards

chapter 25 part 2 exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Stomach

A
  • stores ingesta
  • first site of significant chemical digestion: pepsin; low pH
  • Mechanical digestion
  • Formation of chyme
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2
Q

Stomach musculature churns the ____

A

ingesta

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3
Q

Gastric folds

A

gastric rugae

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4
Q

Gastric cells: mucous secrets

A

Mucin

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5
Q

Gastic cells: Parietal secrets

A

HCl

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6
Q

Gastric cells: Chief secrets

A

pepsinogen

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7
Q

Gastric cells: Enteroendocrine secretes

A

hormones

-G: gastrin

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8
Q

Gastric secretions and stomach churning are controlled by hormones from _____________ cells

A

enteroendocrine

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9
Q

Pepsinogen turns into pepsin when exposed to _____

A

HCL

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10
Q

Pepsin & pH of ___ will break down proteins

A

2

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11
Q

functions of small intestine

A
  • buffer chyme to pH of 4
  • Chemical/mechanical digestion
  • nutrient absorption
  • water absorption
  • immune function
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12
Q

Duodenum (small intestine)

A
  • shortest section
  • chemical/mechanical digestion
  • Bicarbonate from Brunner’s gland
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13
Q

Jejunum (small intestine)

A
  • chemical/mechanical digestion
  • Secretion of small intestine enzymes
  • absorption
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14
Q

Ileum (small intestine)

A
  • longest section
  • some absorption
  • immune function, Peyer’s patches
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15
Q

SI enzymes on lactase

A

lactose into glucose and galactose

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16
Q

SI enzymes on peptidase

A

peptides into AA (amino acids)

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17
Q

SI enzymes on Maltase

A

maltose to glucose

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18
Q

Lacteal

A

lymphatic vessel

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19
Q

Large Intestine parts

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
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20
Q

Functions of large intestine

A
  • absorbs water & salts, compacts feces
  • site for bacterial fermentation, Vitamin K synthesis, SCFAs
  • feces storage
  • pH regulation
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21
Q

Appendix (veriform appendix)

A

part of lymphatic system, reservoir of microbiota

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22
Q

Teniae Coli

A

very large bands of longitudinal muscle

23
Q

Haustra

A

pouches on wall of LI formed by teniae coli

24
Q

Large intestine lacks

A

villi

25
Q

Goblet cells (large intestine)

A

large amounts of mucin

26
Q

Segmentation and peristalsis occurs in ___

A

large intestine

27
Q

Mass movement

A

large movements of material through 2nd half of large intestine

28
Q

Internal anal sphincter

A
  • Smooth muscle

- involuntary control

29
Q

External anal sphincter

A
  • skeletal muscle

- voluntary control

30
Q

Liver functions

A
  • -produce bile
  • -Gluconeogenesis: make glucose
  • -AA transamination: covert AAs to different types; essential AA to non-essential AA
  • -Lipogenesis: Carbohydrates to lipids
  • -Regulate plasma nutrient levels
  • -Degradation of RBCs
  • -Inactivate toxins
  • -Store fat soluble vitamins
31
Q

Liver; Gluconeogenesis

A

make glucose

32
Q

Liver; AA transamination

A

covert AAs to different types; essential AA to non-essential AA

33
Q

Liver; Lipogenesis

A

carbohydrates to lipids

34
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

drained blood from intestines gets sent to liver

35
Q

Liver Lobules

A

arrangement of hepatocytes, framed by 6 portal triads

36
Q

Portal Triads * (in liver)

A

interlobular vein, artery, & bile duct

37
Q

Portal Vein ** (In liver)

A

drained blood from intestines

38
Q

Stellate macrophages** (in liver)

A

phagocytic cells

39
Q

Gallbladder

A

stores bile from liver

40
Q

Pancreas

A
  • -Acinar cells (exocrine): enzymes
  • -Pancreatic islet (endocrine): hormones; insulin, glucagon
  • -Somatostatin: reduce HCI production
  • -Buffers: to raise pH
41
Q

Pancreas; Acinar cells (exocrine)

A

enzymes

42
Q

Pancreas; Pancreatic islet (endocrine)

A

hormones

  • Insulin
  • Glucagon
43
Q

Pancreas; somatostatin

A

reduce HCI production

44
Q

Pancreas; Buffers

A

to raise pH

45
Q

Bile

A
  • made by liver
  • metabolic waster
  • Bilirubin: byproduct of RBC degradation
  • Bile salts: emulsifies fats (allow lipase to work, allows for micelles to form)
46
Q

Bile; Bilirubin

A

byproduct of red blood cells degredation

47
Q

Bile; Bile salts

A
  • emulsifies fats
  • -allows Lipase to work
  • -Allows for Micelles to form
48
Q

Pancreas exocrine secretions

A
  • Bicarbonate ions to raise pH to 4
  • Lipase: breaks down fats
  • Trypsin & Chymotrypsin: break proteins
  • Amylase: breaks complex sugars
  • Nucleases: break nucleic acids
49
Q

Pancreas exocrine secretions; Bicarbonate ions

A

raise pH to 4

50
Q

Pancreas exocrine secretions; Lipase

A

breaks down fats

51
Q

Pancreas exocrine secretions; Trypsin & Chymotrypsin

A

break proteins

52
Q

Pancreas exocrine secretions; Amylase

A

break complex sugars

53
Q

Pancreas exocrine secretions; Nucleases

A

break nucleic acids

54
Q

Bile salts increase exposed surface area of _____ _____

A

fat globules

anatomy exam 3 (4 decks)

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