Chapter 2.5 Organic Molecules

Question 1

………..provide structural support and act as catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

……………encode and transmit genetic information

Answer 2

Nucleic acid

Question 3

…………….provide a source of energy and make up the cell wall in bacteria, plants and algae

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

…………make up cell membranes, store energy, and act as signaling molecules

Answer 4

Lipids

Question 5

The monomers of proteins are

Answer 5

Amino acids

Question 6

The monomers of Nucleic acids are

Answer 6

Nucleotides

Question 7

The monomers of carbohydrates are

Answer 7

Sugars

Question 8

Lipids do not have monomers as they are defined by…..rather than by their chemical structure

Answer 8

Property

Question 9

Groups of one or more atoms that have particular chemical properties of their own, regardless of what they are attached to are called

Answer 9

Functional groups

Question 10

An amino acid contains a central carbon atom called…….. which is covalently links to four other groups. Name them

Answer 10

Alpha carbon
Amino group
Carboxyl group
R group
Hydrogen atom

Question 11

The carbon atom in the carboxyl group of one amino acid is joined to the nitrogen atom in the amino group of the next by a covalent linkage called

Answer 11

Peptide bond

Question 12

The formation of peptide bin involves the ……..of a water molecule

Answer 12

Loss

Question 13

The particular sequence, or order in which amino acids are present in a protein determines ……

Answer 13

How it folds into its three dimensional structure

Question 14

The three dimensional structure of a protein determines …..

Answer 14

The protein’s function

Question 15

What is the function of the DNA

Answer 15

It contains the information needed to specify the amino acid sequence of all the proteins synthesized in an organism

Question 16

What is the function of RNA

Answer 16

It plays a key role in protein synthesis and the regulation of gene expression

Question 17

Nucleotides are composed of three components. Name them

Answer 17

A 5 carbon sugar
A nitrogenous base
A phosphate group

Question 18

They pyrimidine bases are

Answer 18

Cytosine and Thymine

Question 19

The purine bases are

Answer 19

Guanine
Adenine

Question 20

Purine bases have ……….ring structures

Answer 20

Double

Question 21

Pyrimidine bases have ……..ring structures

Answer 21

Single

Question 22

In DNA and RNA each adjacent pair of nucleotides is connected by

Answer 22

Phosphodiester bond

Question 23

Base paring results from………bonding between the bases

Answer 23

Hydrogen

Question 24

A simple sugar is also called

Answer 24

Monosaccharides

Question 25

Monosaccharides with an aldehyde group are called

Answer 25

Aldoses

Question 26

Monosaccharides with a ketone group are called

Answer 26

Ketoses

Question 27

Monosaccharides are attached to each other by covalent bonds called

Answer 27

Glycosidic bonds

Question 28

An example of a lipid used for energy storage is

Answer 28

Triacylglycerol

Question 29

Fatty acids that do not contain double bonds are

Answer 29

Saturated

Question 30

Fatty acids that contain double carbon bonds are

Answer 30

Unsaturated

Question 31

Melting points of fatty acids depend on

Answer 31

Their length Level of saturation

Question 32

The greater the length, the ………..the melting point

Answer 32

Higher

Question 33

An unsaturated fatty acid has a ……..melting point than a saturated fatty acid

Answer 33

Lower

Question 34

How is diversity achieved in polymers

Answer 34

Through endless combinations of sub units