Chapter 25 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
Intracellular fluid his found only within
The cells of the body
In an adult male the body consist of a bow percent water
60
About two thirds of the body fluid is within cells and is termed ____ fluid
Intracellular
In an adult female the body consist of about ______ percent water
50
When water is lost but electrolytes are retained
Osmosis moves water from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid
When pure water is consumed
Osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall
Rapid water movement between the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid is termed
Fluid shift
With regard to fluid balance water gains occur primarily in the
Digestive tract
The principal cation in cytoplasm is
Potassium
Which of the following is required as a cofactor for hemoglobin synthesis
Copper
The ions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are sodium and
Chloride
With regard to mineral balance the primary site of Ion loss in the body is
The kidneys
Which hormone is released by cardiac muscles in response to increase atrial distention
Natriuretic peptides
Consuming a meal high in salt will
Results in a temporary increase in blood volume
Antidiuretic hormone
Stimulates water conservation by the kidneys
Aldosterone
All of the above
Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism
ADH
Which substance plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption
Aldosterone
The release of natriuretic peptide from the heart will cause all of the following responses except
Stimulation of ADH release
Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids response to changes in the
Extracellular fluid
The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by
Aldosterone
Secretion of potassium into the urine is
None of the answers are correct
All of the following factors cause potassium excretion except
Decreased pH of extracellular fluid
Normal K+ concentration and extracellular fluid is _______ mEq/L
3.5 to 5.0
A _______ acid is an acid cannot leave solution and enter the atmosphere
Fixed
_________ plays a key role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis by eliminating carbon dioxide
The respiratory system
Small amounts of _______ acid are generated during catabolism of amino acids
Fixed
A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of the body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ions is called
Buffer
A _____ consist of a combination of a weak acid and it’s associated anion
Buffer system
The normal pH range for extracellular fluid is
7.35 to 7.45
When the blood pH falls below 7.35 _______results
Acidemia
When the pH rises above 7.45 state of ____ exists
Alkalosis
The primary role of the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system is to
Limit PH changes is caused by organic and fixed acids
Which buffer/buffer system exists only in intracellular fluid
The phosphate buffer system
Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by
The kidneys
When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops the kidneys
Excrete more hydrogen ions and re absorb bicarbonate ions
Prolong vomiting can result in
Metabolic alkalosis
A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate to settle an upset stomach risks
Metabolic alkalosis
Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder metabolic alkalosis
Consequence of prolonged vomiting
Hypoventilation leads to
Respiratory acidosis
Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis
Consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation for example due to emphysema
Which of the following description best fits the acid-base disorders respiratory alkalosis
Consequence of hyperventilation for example i. fever or mental Illness
Hyperventilation will ______ pH
Raise/increase
A_____ acids is an acid That can leave solution and enter atmosphere
Volatile
The hemoglobin buffer system exists in
Both intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid
