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Bio 240 > chapter 24 - The Urinary System > Flashcards

chapter 24 - The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Urinary system?

A

Excretes excess albumin molecules

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2
Q

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system EXCEPT

A

Rectum

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3
Q

Typical renal blood flow is about _______ percent of cardiac output under resting conditions

A

25

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4
Q

All of the following are true of the kidneys EXCEPT that they are

A

Located partly within the pelvic cavity

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5
Q

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the

A

Hilum

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6
Q

The renal sinus is

A

An internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule

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7
Q

The cavity of the Kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

A

Renal Pelvis

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8
Q

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

A

Renal Pyramids

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9
Q

Renal columns are

A

Bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex

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10
Q

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

A

Renal Pelvis

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11
Q

Major calyces are

A

Large tributaries of the renal Pelvis.

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12
Q

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla?

A

Tip of the medullary pyramid

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13
Q

ID the structure labeled “9”

A

Renal Pelvis

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14
Q

ID the structure labeled “10”

A

Ureter

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15
Q

ID the structure labeled “6”

A

Renal Column

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16
Q

ID the structure labeled “8”

A

Renal Papilla

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17
Q

ID the structure labeled “5”

A

Renal Pyramid

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18
Q

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

A

Nephron loop

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19
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the

A

Nephrons

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20
Q

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called

A

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

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21
Q

_____________ are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine.

A

Juxtamedullary

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22
Q

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the

A

Renal Corpuscle

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23
Q

A glomerulus is

A

A knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle

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24
Q

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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25
Q

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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26
Q

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

A

Reabsorbing nutrients

27
Q

The process of filtration occurs at the

A

Glomerulus

28
Q

The efferent arteriole of the nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex call the

A

Peritubular

29
Q

The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney

30
Q

The ______ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop

A

Vasa recta

31
Q

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine EXCEPT

32
Q

Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include

A

All of the answers are correct

33
Q

Regarding kidney function, in __________, solutes are transported from the peritubular fluid epithelial into the tubular fluid

34
Q

Regarding kidney function, in reabsorption,

A

Water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid, across the tubular, epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid.

35
Q

Approximately ______ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day

36
Q

What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled “2”

A

Filtration

37
Q

Where does nutrition reabsorption occur

38
Q

Which structure is the collecting duct

39
Q

The filtration membrane in the Renal corpuscle consists of what three layers

A

Endothelium of glomerulus
Dense layer of glomerulus
Podocyte filtration slits

40
Q

The structure known as the juxtaglomerularapparatus is located near the

A

Glomerulus

41
Q

The process of filtration is driven by

A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

42
Q

Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. which of these pressures is a pressure that favors the filtration process

A

Glomerular Hydrostatic pressure

43
Q

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate the net filtration pressure

A

FP=GHP- (CsHP + BCOP)

44
Q

Autoregulation of the rate of glomerular filtration has which of the following properties

A

All of the answers are correct

45
Q

One mechanism the kidney uses To raise systemic blood pressure is to

A

Increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex

46
Q

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubule’s approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and return to circulation

47
Q

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following EXCEPT

A

Phagocytosis

48
Q

The DCT Secretes hydrogen ions in exchange for sodium ions by the process of

A

Countertransport

49
Q

In response to increased levels of aldosterone the kidneys produce

A

Urine with lower concentration of sodium ions

50
Q

Countercurrent multiplication takes place in the

A

Nephron loop

51
Q

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term nephron loop

A

All of the answers are correct

52
Q

When the level of antidiuretic hormone decreases

A

More urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases

53
Q

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of the

A

Both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct

54
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water

55
Q

A healthy adult typically produces ______ of urine per day

56
Q

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water

A

Ascending limb of the nephron loop

57
Q

Is an immediate life-threatening condition however if an individual survives the incident full recovery is often possible

A

Acute renal failure

58
Q

The inability of the kidney to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is termed

A

Renal failure

59
Q

Which of the following is characterized as a slow progressing disease that is irreversible

A

Chronic renal failure

60
Q

Urine passes in the order given through which of the following structures

A 
Collecting duct
 renal pelvis
 ureter
 bladder 
urethra
61
Q

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by the _____ epithelium

A

Transitional

62
Q

The detrusor muscle

A

Compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra

63
Q

The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the

Bio 240 (2 decks)

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