Chapter 25 /35 Flashcards
Genitourinary (GU) surgery includes?
(KUB) kidneys, urethra, bladder and male reproductive system
Transurethral surgery provides direct visualization and access to ?
lower urinary tract
Open surgery is performed through an _____ _______ in the abdomen including the ___________ or flank
Open incision
retroperitoneum
The retroperitoneal cavity lies _________ to the peritoneal cavity?
posterior
Surgical access to the organs in the retro peritoneum is gained through the abdominal peritoneum or _________ or ________
back
flank
What organ is the primary organ for filtering blood?
kidney
Kidneys have _ main layers?
2
What are the main 2 layers of the kidney?
Cortex (outer)
Medulla (inner)
Kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal cavity at the ____ thoracic vertebra level?
12th
A notched area in the medial side of each kidney is called?
hilum
The ureter, renal artery and veins emerge from what area of the kidney?
hilum
List of purposes of the kidneys:
- regulate and maintain body fluid and PH
- Help regualte and maintain blood pressure by producing the hormone renin
- produce hormone erythropoietin to control rate of WBC
- Assist is production of water soluable Vitamin D
Kidney stones are also called?
calculi
Kidney stones rarely form in the bladder ? True or False
True
Most small kidney stones pass through the _____ ____ without treatment
urinary tract
Stones located in the ______ _________ can cause obstruction and anuria?
upper urinary tract
Renal Calculi can be considered a medical emergency? True or false
True
Calculi can be removed __________ or reduced with ______________
surgically
ESWL (extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Adrenal Glads are paierd organs that lie _______ side of the upper kidney
medial
Adrenal glads secrete _____________ and harmones needed for metabolsm
corticosteroids
Name both layers of the adrenal glands?
outer cortex
inner medulla
Adrenal cortex produces _______ and _____________ which control the body’s metabolic process
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Andrenal medulla secretes what harmones?
epinephrine and nonepinephrine
An adrenalectomy may be indicated to removed a benign, malignant or metastatic tumor….true or false
true
Ureters are a __ layered tubular structure?
3
Name the 3 layers of the Ureters?
Outer Fibrous
Middle Muscular
inner mucosal
Urine moves along the ureter by ___________
peristalsis
Segmental contraction and relaxing of the ureters muscular layer is called _________
peristalsis
What communicates with the lower bladder to enable excretion of urine from the body?
Urethra
Meatus is ____________ opening
urethral
Seminal Vesicler are situated close to the ___________ duct at the proximal end?
Epididymis
Seminal Vesicler secrete about _________ of semen fluid containing sperm?
60%
Another name for Bulbourethral glands?
Cowper Gland
What glands secrete mucus that contribute to the total volume of semen?
Bulbourethral
____________ normally remove waster from the blood?
Kidneys
Kidney dialysis is performed in patients with chronic and _______
end stage renal disease (ESRD)
In a healthy adult, the kidneys produce ______ of urine per day?
3.2 pints (1.5L)
What are the main components of urine?
95 % water
5 % solutes
specific gravity is measured with a calibrated ___________ or __________
hydrometer
urinometer
______ is the preferred method for imaging tumors of the kidneys
CT
Non contrast helical CT is used to diagnose _____
calculi
_________ ___________ provides images of the bladder while its empting
Micturating Cystourethrogram
_______ imaging is used to detect metastasis
Nuclear
Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy are always performed in what position
lithotomy
The most common approach for a flank incision?
Lateral
Prone position is used for endoscopic and ______
nephroscopy
_________ are extremely delicate and require _______ clamps such as _______
ureters
atramatic
Babcock clamp, right angle and Schnitz clamps
The lumen or bore of a catheter is measured in _____
french
The most common size catheters used in size are
16 to 18
Four uses of urinary catheterizing are?
- short term urinary drainage
- continuous drainage
- hemostasis & evacuation of blood clots or blood
- continuity of the urethra or ureters
___________ is used to apply pressure against tissue or an opening?
Tamponade
Tamponade is used after ____________ resection of the __________ to control bleeding
trans urethral
prostate
As the number of the catheter decreases, the luman diameter also decreases? True or False
true
List 2/3 reason for the use of a ureteral catheters
- immediate drainage of ureter
- bypass a stone or tumor
- keep ureter open to allow a stone to pass
The most common resectoscope is a ________
Iglesias
