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Fuller Chapter 25 / 35 > Chapter 25 /35 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 /35 Flashcards

1
Q

Genitourinary (GU) surgery includes?

A

(KUB) kidneys, urethra, bladder and male reproductive system

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2
Q

Transurethral surgery provides direct visualization and access to ?

A

lower urinary tract

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3
Q

Open surgery is performed through an _____ _______ in the abdomen including the ___________ or flank

A

Open incision

retroperitoneum

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4
Q

The retroperitoneal cavity lies _________ to the peritoneal cavity?

A

posterior

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5
Q

Surgical access to the organs in the retro peritoneum is gained through the abdominal peritoneum or _________ or ________

A

back

flank

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6
Q

What organ is the primary organ for filtering blood?

A

kidney

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7
Q

Kidneys have _ main layers?

A

2

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8
Q

What are the main 2 layers of the kidney?

A

Cortex (outer)

Medulla (inner)

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9
Q

Kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal cavity at the ____ thoracic vertebra level?

A

12th

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10
Q

A notched area in the medial side of each kidney is called?

A

hilum

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11
Q

The ureter, renal artery and veins emerge from what area of the kidney?

A

hilum

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12
Q

List of purposes of the kidneys:

A
  1. regulate and maintain body fluid and PH
  2. Help regualte and maintain blood pressure by producing the hormone renin
  3. produce hormone erythropoietin to control rate of WBC
  4. Assist is production of water soluable Vitamin D
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13
Q

Kidney stones are also called?

A

calculi

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14
Q

Kidney stones rarely form in the bladder ? True or False

A

True

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15
Q

Most small kidney stones pass through the _____ ____ without treatment

A

urinary tract

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16
Q

Stones located in the ______ _________ can cause obstruction and anuria?

A

upper urinary tract

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17
Q

Renal Calculi can be considered a medical emergency? True or false

A

True

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18
Q

Calculi can be removed __________ or reduced with ______________

A

surgically

ESWL (extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy

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19
Q

Adrenal Glads are paierd organs that lie _______ side of the upper kidney

A

medial

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20
Q

Adrenal glads secrete _____________ and harmones needed for metabolsm

A

corticosteroids

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21
Q

Name both layers of the adrenal glands?

A

outer cortex

inner medulla

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22
Q

Adrenal cortex produces _______ and _____________ which control the body’s metabolic process

A

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

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23
Q

Andrenal medulla secretes what harmones?

A

epinephrine and nonepinephrine

24
Q

An adrenalectomy may be indicated to removed a benign, malignant or metastatic tumor….true or false

A

true

25
Q

Ureters are a __ layered tubular structure?

A

3

26
Q

Name the 3 layers of the Ureters?

A

Outer Fibrous
Middle Muscular
inner mucosal

27
Q

Urine moves along the ureter by ___________

A

peristalsis

28
Q

Segmental contraction and relaxing of the ureters muscular layer is called _________

A

peristalsis

29
Q

What communicates with the lower bladder to enable excretion of urine from the body?

A

Urethra

30
Q

Meatus is ____________ opening

A

urethral

31
Q

Seminal Vesicler are situated close to the ___________ duct at the proximal end?

A

Epididymis

32
Q

Seminal Vesicler secrete about _________ of semen fluid containing sperm?

A

60%

33
Q

Another name for Bulbourethral glands?

A

Cowper Gland

34
Q

What glands secrete mucus that contribute to the total volume of semen?

A

Bulbourethral

35
Q

____________ normally remove waster from the blood?

A

Kidneys

36
Q

Kidney dialysis is performed in patients with chronic and _______

A

end stage renal disease (ESRD)

37
Q

In a healthy adult, the kidneys produce ______ of urine per day?

A

3.2 pints (1.5L)

38
Q

What are the main components of urine?

A

95 % water

5 % solutes

39
Q

specific gravity is measured with a calibrated ___________ or __________

A

hydrometer

urinometer

40
Q

______ is the preferred method for imaging tumors of the kidneys

A

CT

41
Q

Non contrast helical CT is used to diagnose _____

A

calculi

42
Q

_________ ___________ provides images of the bladder while its empting

A

Micturating Cystourethrogram

43
Q

_______ imaging is used to detect metastasis

A

Nuclear

44
Q

Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy are always performed in what position

A

lithotomy

45
Q

The most common approach for a flank incision?

A

Lateral

46
Q

Prone position is used for endoscopic and ______

A

nephroscopy

47
Q

_________ are extremely delicate and require _______ clamps such as _______

A

ureters
atramatic
Babcock clamp, right angle and Schnitz clamps

48
Q

The lumen or bore of a catheter is measured in _____

A

french

49
Q

The most common size catheters used in size are

A

16 to 18

50
Q

Four uses of urinary catheterizing are?

A
  1. short term urinary drainage
  2. continuous drainage
  3. hemostasis & evacuation of blood clots or blood
  4. continuity of the urethra or ureters
51
Q

___________ is used to apply pressure against tissue or an opening?

A

Tamponade

52
Q

Tamponade is used after ____________ resection of the __________ to control bleeding

A

trans urethral

prostate

53
Q

As the number of the catheter decreases, the luman diameter also decreases? True or False

A

true

54
Q

List 2/3 reason for the use of a ureteral catheters

A
  1. immediate drainage of ureter
  2. bypass a stone or tumor
  3. keep ureter open to allow a stone to pass
55
Q

The most common resectoscope is a ________

A

Iglesias

Fuller Chapter 25 / 35 (4 decks)

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