Chapter 25/26: Green Plants Flashcards
1
Q
Adventitious
A
describes an organ that grows in an unusual place, such as a roots growing from the side of a stem
2
Q
Antheridium
A
male gametangium
3
Q
Archegonium
A
female gametangium
4
Q
Capsule
A
case of the sporangium in mosses
5
Q
Charophyte
A
other term for green algae; considered the closet relative of land plants
6
Q
Club Mosses
A
earliest group of seedless vascular plants
7
Q
Dipolontic
A
diploid stage is the dominant stage
8
Q
Embryophyte
A
other name for land plant; embryo is protected and nourished by the sporophyte
9
Q
Extant
A
still-living species
10
Q
Extinct
A
no longer existing species
11
Q
Fern
A
seedless vascular plant that produces large fronds; the most advanced group of seedless vascular plants
12
Q
Gametangium
A
structure on the gametophyte in which gametes are produced
13
Q
Gemma
A
(plural, gemmae) leaf fragment that spreads for asexual reproduction
14
Q
Haplodiplodontic
A
haploid and diploid stages alternate
15
Q
Haplontic
A
haploid stage is the dominant stage
16
Q
Heterosporous
A
produces two types of spores
17
Q
Homosporous
A
produces one types of spore
18
Q
Hornworts
A
group of non-vascular plants in which stomata appear
19
Q
Horsetail
A
seedless vascular plant characterized by joints
20
Q
Lignin
A
complex polymer impermeable to water
21
Q
Liverworts
A
most primitive group of non-vascular plants
22
Q
Lycophyte
A
club moss
23
Q
Megaphyll
A
larger leaves with a pattern of branching veins
24
Q
Megaspore
A
female spore
25
Microphyll
small size and simple vascular system with a single unbranched vein
26
Microspore
male spore
27
Mosses
group of bryophytes in which a primitive conductive system appears
28
Non-vascular plant
plant that lacks vascular tissue, which is formed of specialized cells for the transport water and nutrients
29
Peat Moss
sphagnum
30
Peristome
tissue that surrounds the opening of the capsule and allows periodic release of spores
31
Phloem
tissue responsible for the transport of sugars, protein, and other solutes
32
Protonema
tangle of single-celled filaments that forms from the haploid spore
33
Rhizoids
thin filaments that anchor the plant to the substrate
34
Seedless Vascular Plant
plant that does not produce seeds
35
Seta
stalk that supports the capsule in mosses
36
Sporocyte
diploid cell that produces spores by meiosis
37
Sporophyll
leaf modified structurally to bear sporangia
38
Sporopollenin
tough polymer surrounding the spore
39
Streptophytes
group that includes green algae and land plants
40
Strobili
cone-like structures that contain the Sporangia
41
Tracheophyte
vascular plant
42
Vascular Plant
plant containing a network of cells that conducts water and solutes through the organism
43
Vein
bundle of vascular tissue made of xylem and phloem
44
Whisk Fern
seedless vascular plant that lost roots and leaves by reduction
45
Xylem
tissue responsible for long-distance transport of water and nutrients
46
Anther
sac-like structure at the tip of the stamen in which pollen grains are produced
47
Anthophyta
Phylum to which angiosperms belong
48
Barcoding
molecular biology technique in which one or more short gene sequences taken from a well-characterized portion of the genome is used to identify a species
49
Basal Angiosperms
a group of plants that probably branched off before the separation of monocots and eudicots
50
Calyx
whorl of sepals
51
Carpel
single unit of the pistil
52
Conifer
dominant phylum of gymnosperms with the greatest variety of trees
53
Corolla
collection of petals
54
Cotyledon
primitive leaf that develops in the zygote; monocots have one cotyledon, and dicots have two cotyledons
55
Crop
cultivated plant
56
Cycad
gymnosperm that grows in tropical climates and resembles a palm tree; member of the phylum Cycadophyta
57
Dicot
(also, eudicot) related group of angiosperms whose embryos possess two cotyledons
58
Dioecious
describes a species in which the male or female reproductive organs are carried on separate specimens
59
Filament
thin stalk that links the anther to the base of the flower
60
Flower
branches specialized for reproduction found in some see-bearing plants, containing either specialized male or female organs or both male and female organs
61
Fruit
thickened tissue derived from the ovary wall that protects the embryo after fertilization and facilitates seed dispersal
62
Ginkgophyte
gymnosperm with one extant species, the Ginko biloba: a tree with fan-shaped leaves
63
Gnetophyte
gymnosperm shrub with varied morphological features that produces vessel elements in its woody tissues; the phylum includes the genera Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia
64
Gymnosperm
seed plant with naked (seeds exposed on modified leaves or in cones)
65
Gynoecium
(also, carpel) structure that constitutes the female reproductive organ
66
Heirloom seed
seed from a plant that was grown historically, but has not been used in modern agriculture on a large scale
67
Herbaceous
grass-like plant noticeable by the absence of woody tissue
68
Herbivory
consumption of plants by insects and other animals
69
Integument
a layer of sporophyte tissue that surrounds the megasporangium, and later, the embryo
70
Megasporocyte
megaspore mother cell; larger spore that germinates into a female gametophyte in a heterosporous plant
71
Microsporocyte
smaller spore that produces a male gametophyte in a heterosporous plant
72
Monocot
related group of angiosperms that produce embryos with on cotyledon and pollen with a single ridge
73
Monecious
describes a species in which the male and female reproductive organs are on the same plant
74
Nectar
liquid rich in sugars produced by flowers to attract animal pollinators
75
Ovary
chamber that contains and protects the ovule or female megasporangium
76
Ovulate Cone
cone containing two ovules per scale
77
Ovule
female gametophyte
78
Paraphyletic group
not all descendants of a single common ancestor are included in the group
79
Perianth
part of the plant consisting of the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals)
80
Petal
modified leaf interior to the sepals; colorful petals attract animal pollinators
81
Pistil
fused group of carpels
82
Pollen Grain
structure containing the male gametophyte of the plant
83
Pollen Tube
extension from the pollen grain that delivers sperm to the egg cell
84
Pollination
transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
85
Progymnosperm
transitional group of plants that resembled conifers because they produced wood, yet still reproduced like ferns
86
Seed
structure containing the embryo, storage tissue, and protective coat
87
Sepal
Modified lead that encloses the bud; outermost structure of the flower
88
Spermatophyte
seed plant; from the Greek sperm (seed) and phytate (plant)
89
Stamen
structure that contains the male reproductive organs
90
Stigma
uppermost structure of the carpel where pollen is deposited
91
Strobilus
plant structure with a tight arrangement of sporophylls around a central stalk, as seen in cones or flowers; the male strobilus produces pollen, and the female strobilus produces eggs
92
Style
long, thin structure that links the stigma to the ovary
