Chapter 21: Virus Vocab

Question 1

Acellular

Answer 1

lacking cells

Question 2

Acute Disease

Answer 2

disease where the symptoms rise and fall within a short period of time

Question 3

Asymptomatic Disease

Answer 3

disease where the symptoms rise and and the individual is unaware of being infected unless lab tests are performed

Question 4

Attenuation

Answer 4

weakening of a virus during vaccine development

Question 5

AZT

Answer 5

anti-HIV drug that inhibits the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase

Question 6

Back Mutation

Answer 6

when a live virus vaccine reverts back to it disease-causing phenotype

Question 7

Bacteriophage

Answer 7

virus that infects bacteria

Question 8

Budding

Answer 8

method of exit from the cell used in certain animal viruses, where virions leave the cell individually by capturing a piece of the host plasma membrane

Question 9

Capsid

Answer 9

protein coating of the viral core

Question 10

Capsomere

Answer 10

the protein subunit that makes up the capsid

Question 11

Cell Necrosis

Answer 11

cell death

Question 12

Chronic Infection

Answer 12

describes when the virus persists in the body for a long period of time

Question 13

Cytopathic

Answer 13

causing cell damage

Question 14

Envelope

Answer 14

lipid bilayer that encircles some viruses

Question 15

Fusion

Answer 15

method of entry by some enveloped viruses, where the viral envelope fuses with the plasma membrane of the host cell

Question 16

Gall

Answer 16

appearance of a plant tumor

Question 17

Gene Therapy

Answer 17

Treatment of genetic disease by adding genes, using viruses to carry the new genes inside the cell

Question 18

Group I Virus

Answer 18

Virus with dsDNA genome

Question 19

Group II Virus

Answer 19

virus with an ssDNA genome

Question 20

Group III Virus

Answer 20

virus with a dsRNA genome

Question 21

Group IV Virus

Answer 21

virus with an ssRNA genome with positive polarity

Question 22

Group V Virus

Answer 22

virus with an ssRNA genome with negative polarity

Question 23

Group VI Virus

Answer 23

virus with an ssRNA genome with negative polarity

Question 24

Group VII Virus

Answer 24

virus with a single-stranded mRNA converted into dsDNA for genome replication

Question 25

Horizontal Transmission

Answer 25

transmission of a disease between unrelated individuals

Question 26

Hyperplasia

Answer 26

abnormally high cell growth and division

Question 27

Hypoplasia

Answer 27

abnormally low cell growth and division

Question 28

Intermittent Symptom

Answer 28

a symptom that occurs periodically

Question 29

Latency

Answer 29

virus that remains in the body for a long period of time but only causes intermittent symptoms

Question 30

Lysis

Answer 30

bursting of a cell

Question 31

Lysogenic Cell

Answer 31

type of virus replication in which the viral genome is incorporated into the genome of the host cell

Question 32

Lytic Cycle

Answer 32

type of virus replication in which virions are released through lysis, or bursting, of the cell

Question 33

Matrix Protein

Answer 33

envelope protein that stabilizes the envelope and often plays a role in the assembly of progeny virions

Question 34

Negative Polarity

Answer 34

ssRNA viruses with genomes complementary to their mRNA

Question 35

Oncogenic Virus

Answer 35

virus that has the ability to cause cancer

Question 36

Oncolytic Virus

Answer 36

virus engineered to specifically infect and kill cancer cells

Question 37

Pathogen

Answer 37

agent with the ability to cause disease

Question 38

Permissive

Answer 38

cell type that is able to support productive replication of a virus

Question 39

Phage Therapy

Answer 39

treatment of bacterial diseases using bacteriophages specific to a particular bacterium

Question 40

Positive Polarity

Answer 40

ssRNA virus with a genome that contains the same base sequences and codons found in their mRNA

Question 41

Prion

Answer 41

infectious particles that consists of proteins that replicate without DNA or RNA

Question 42

Productive

Answer 42

viral infection that leads to the production of new virions

Question 43

Prophage

Answer 43

phage DNA that is incorporated into the host cell genome

Question 44

PrP^c

Answer 44

normal prion protein

Question 45

PrP^sc

Answer 45

infectious form of prion proteins

Question 46

Replicative Intermediate

Answer 46

dsRNA intermediate made in the process of copying genomic RNA

Question 47

Reverse Transcriptase

Answer 47

enzyme found in Baltimore groups VI and VII that converts single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA

Question 48

Vaccine

Answer 48

weakened solution of virus components, viruses, or other agents that produce an immune response

Question 49

Vertical Transmission

Answer 49

transmission of disease from parent to offspring

Question 50

Viral Receptors

Answer 50

glycoprotein used to attach a virus to host cells via molecules on the cell

Question 51

Virion

Answer 51

individual virus particles outside a host cell

Question 52

Viroid

Answer 52

plant pathogen that produces only a single, specific RNA

Question 53

Virus Core

Answer 53

contains the virus genome