Chapter 2.5

Question 1

What is the safest country
where is canada
where is the USA

Answer 1

iceland
canada -11
USA- 131

Question 2

Formula for crime rate

Answer 2

of offences x 100,000

———-divided by——-
Population

Question 3

What Canadian cities has the highest and lowest homicide rate in 2023 ?

Answer 3

Thunder Bay - Highest Kingston- lowest

Question 4

What are the limitations of the crime rate formula (5)

Answer 4

1.) Results are misrepresented because all types of crimes are treated equally
2.)All offences (serious and minor) are given the weight
3.)The crime rate measures the VOLUME of crime NOT the severity of crime
4.)Based solely on the number of offences that are reported to the police
5.)does not account for the dark figure of crime - it’s an iceberg- a lot doesn’t come to the attention of the police, most are hidden and haven’t been caught

Question 5

Crime severity index (CSI) ?

Answer 5

Measure both the volume and severity of police reported crimes

Question 6

Which province has the highest CSI ?

Answer 6

Saskatchewan

Question 7

Which province has the lowest CSI ?

Answer 7

Ontario

Question 8

how does Crime severity index (CSI) work ?

(2)

Answer 8

1.)Each offences has a weight attach according to a scale of severity
2.)based on the court sentences imposed over the last 5 years
the more the sever the sentences the higher the weight assigned to the offence

Question 9

What factors can influence crime statistics other than an actual increase in crime ? (4) with examples

Answer 9

1.) Changes in reporting
-Me2 movement more people come forward
-Lower tolerance for it
Exmaples: drinking and driving, child abuse, domestic assault

2.)Changing in policing
certain area having a representation then perform a “crack down”- gangs, drunk driving, speeding

3.)Changes in technology
-speeding cameras,
-red light cameras, -surveillance cameras for houses,
-alarms systems, -people recording

4.)Changes in legislation
Changing the laws introduces new crimes- -cyber crimes,
-distracting drinking (phone usage)

Question 10

What are people most fearful of ?

Answer 10

taking the bus alone at night

Question 11

Avoidance behaviours
(2)

Answer 11

-Avoiding specific areas to reduce ones risk of becoming a victim

-defensive behaviours (specific anti-crime measure designed to reduced one risk of becoming a victim)
examples; walking in groups, weapons,

Question 12

Victimization survey
(2) and provide the minimun age

Answer 12

-Official…Conducted every 5 years over the phone or online from those 15+
-Asked whether they have been victimized in the previous years and if those crimes were reported to the police

Question 12

Why people don’t report ?

Answer 12

The police wouldn’t consider the incident to be important enough

Question 13

What is the most reported offence ?

Answer 13

Theft under 5000

Question 14

What is the least reported offence ?

Answer 14

Sexual assault

Question 15

What crimes overwhelming affects young people but rarely comes to the attention of the police ?

Answer 15

Cyberbullying, cyber crimes

Question 16

What are the advantages for Victimization surveys ?

Answer 16

people have indicated if they have been victimized even if they did not report to the police

Question 17

What are the disadvantaged for Victimization surveys ? (5)

Answer 17

1.) Age restrictions, 2.)internet access, phone interactions(homeless people),
3.) it happens less frequently, inaccurate information (lie about being victims), 4.)Telescoping ( bringing a moment forward in time despite in happened a while ago),
5.)only includes certain types of offences

Question 18

Self report surveys
provides insight on what (3)

Answer 18

Unofficial questionnaire that ask individuals about their engagement in crimes behaviours

Provides insight on :
1.)what individuals start commenting offences
2.)What types of offences they commit
3.)Whether the crime differs based on gender a race social status and age

Question 19

What are the advantages for self report surveys

Answer 19

address the dark figures of crime

Question 20

What are disadantages for self report surveys

Answer 20

1.)people who lie, 2.)exagerate,
3.)high school students who are actually committing crimes aren’t actually going to class

Question 21

Risk factors associated with victimization

(6)

Answer 21

1.)Age (15-24)

2.)Gender

3.)Marital status

4.)Familiarity (someone you know)

5.)Residential Status (renters often times younger, not their forever home, more likely to be victimized, higher rates of victimazation
vs a homeowner who are taking more precautions likely talking with neighbours and having surveillance)

6.)Group membership (disabilities,marginalized communities)

Question 22

Risk factors associated with victimization- which Season ?

Answer 22

summer

Question 23

Risk factors associated with victimization explain Gender

Answer 23

police reported data: men higher

victimazation surveys: women higer