Chapter 25

Question 1

System of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys.

Answer 1

Mid-Ocean Ridge

Question 2

A long, narrow depression that forms in between peals along the mid-ocean range.

Answer 2

Rift Valley

Question 3

The boundary where two plates collide.

Answer 3

Convergent Plate Boundary

Question 4

When a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent.

Answer 4

Subduction

Question 5

Two plates move apart along a mid-ocean ridge.

Answer 5

Divergent Plate Boundary

Question 6

Where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions.

Answer 6

Transform Plate Boundary

Question 7

The sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in the Earth’s crust called faults.

Answer 7

Earthquake

Question 8

A crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved.

Answer 8

Fault

Question 9

The sudden release of strain energy as rocks moves along a fault.

Answer 9

Elastic Rebound

Question 10

The point of origin for an earthquake.

Answer 10

Focus

Question 11

The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus.

Answer 11

Epicenter

Question 12

Who came up with the continental drift hypothesis?

Answer 12

Alfred Wegener

Question 13

What were some pieces of evidence supported his hypothesis?

Answer 13

1. The coastlines matched up like puzzle pieces
2. He looked at large land animal fossils, which matched up with different types of animals from the different continents
3. Mountain ranges matched up, which had similar rock composition and age

Question 14

What was the name of the supercontinent?

Answer 14

Pangaea

Question 15

Who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis?

Answer 15

Harry Hess

Question 16

How did Harry Hess come up with his hypothesis?

Answer 16

He used sonar

Question 17

Who discovered the mid-ocean ridge?

Answer 17

Harry Hess

Question 18

Where will younger rock be created on the seafloor?

Answer 18

Near the MOR

Question 19

What are the types of plate boundaries?

Answer 19

1. Convergent Plate Boundaries
2. Divergent Plate Boundaries
3. Transform Plate Boundaries

Question 20

What are the two types of crusts that deal with plate boundary movement?

Answer 20

1. Oceanic Crust

2. Continental Crust

Question 21

How do convergent plates move?

Answer 21

They collide/come together

Question 22

What types of land forms can form when convergent plates collide?

Answer 22

Deep-sea trenches

Question 23

Subduction only happens with what type of plate boundary?

Answer 23

Convergent Plate Boundaries

Question 24

What type of land-forms can be created when two oceanic crusts collide?

Answer 24

1. Deep sea trenches

2. Hot spots, which create islands

Question 25

What type of land forms can be created when two continental crusts come together?

Answer 25

Mountains

Question 26

What type of crust must be present for volcanic activity to occur?

Answer 26

Oceanic crust must be present

Question 27

How do divergent plates move?

Answer 27

They move away from each other; divide; separate

Question 28

What are specific examples of divergent plate boundaries?

Answer 28

1. A MOR (Mid-Ocean Ridge [both are oceanic crusts]) | 2. The East African Rift (both are continental crusts)

Question 29

How deep, long, and wide is the East African Rift?

Answer 29

3 miles deep, 4.000 miles long, and 30-40 miles wide

Question 30

How do transform plate boundaries move?

Answer 30

They slide past each other horizontally

Question 30

How do transform plate boundaries move?

Answer 30

They slide past each other horizontally

Question 31

What is a specific example of a transform plate boundary?

Answer 31

The San Andreas Fault

Question 32

What types of crusts are involved in transform plate boundaries?

Answer 32

Both are continental crusts

Question 33

How do convection currents work?

Answer 33

1. Magma heats up, becomes less dense, and rises | 2. Magma cools down, becomes more dense, and seeps back into the ground near the core of Earth

Question 34

What are other forces to help plate motion?

Answer 34

Slab pulls, ridge pushes, and friction

Question 35

Which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes?

Answer 35

Divergent and transform

Question 36

Which plate boundary has deep earthquakes?

Answer 36

Convergent

Question 37

What types of stress can be applied to rocks to cause movement?

Answer 37

Compression stress, tension stress, shear stress, and torsion stress

Question 38

What are the types of deformation that can be caused due to stress?

Answer 38

Elastic and plastic deformation

Question 39

What happens when elastic deformation occurs?

Answer 39

It deforms and then returns back to its original shape.

Question 40

What happens when plastic deformation occurs?

Answer 40

It deforms and remains in its new shape/deformation

Question 41

How many types of seismic waves are there?

Answer 41

There are three: Primary waves, secondary waves, and surface waves.

Question 42

Which waves are the fastest?

Answer 42

P-waves

Question 43

What type of wave of is a P-wave?

Answer 43

A compression wave

Question 44

What type of material can P-waves travel through?

Answer 44

Solids and liquids

Question 45

What type of wave are secondary waves?

Answer 45

Transverse waves

Question 46

What type of material can S-waves travel through?

Answer 46

Only solids

Question 47

Which wave is more complex and causes the most damage?

Answer 47

Surface waves

Question 48

What are the names of the two scales that help measure earthquakes?

Answer 48

Richter Scale and Mercalli Scale

Question 49

What does the Richer Scale measure about an earthquake?

Answer 49

The amount of energy released

Question 50

What does the Mercalli's Scale tell about earthquakes?

Answer 50

How much damage is caused