Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physical science > CH 26 > Flashcards

CH 26 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.

A

Mineral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The color of a mineral in powdered form.

A

Streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides.

A

Cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Minerals that break with irregular surfaces.

A

Fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching.

A

Hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Molten rock material inside Earth.

A

Magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A mineral is a ____________________________________________.

A

naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with crystalline form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crusts?

A

Oxygen and silicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does inorganic mean?

A

It means that minerals are materials that are not living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

A

The way a mineral breaks, how hard it is, and what types of crystal shape it has

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are all the ways to identify minerals?

A

Luster, streak, cleavage, fracture, hardness, and crystal shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two types of luster?

A

Metallic and nonmetallic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light?

A

It reflects light in a way that a metal surface might

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does NONmetallic luster reflect light?

A

It shines like glass or appear earthy or waxy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you perform a streak test?

A

By rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

Cleavage and fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

The Mohs Scale of Hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness?

A

From 1 through 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

A

There are 6: Cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, orthorhombic, monodinic, and triclinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Minerals grow from the _______.

A

atoms that are added to its surfaces, edges, and corners, or in other words, from inside out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 3 ways minerals can form?

A

From hot water, evaporation, and molten rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two mineral groups?

A

Silicates and nonsilicates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?

A

Silicate minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What elements are silicates made up of?

A

Oxygen and silicon, otherwise known as silicon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

A

Silicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What mineral is used to make glass?

A

Quartz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define rock

A

A naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How are rocks identified?

A

By their composition and texture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

A

Its size, shape, arrangement of the rock’s components.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

A

Underground or on Earth’s surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?

A

Magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?

A

Magma chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the 3 types of magma?

A

Mafic, intermediate, and felsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which type of magma has a low silica content?

A

Mafic

35
Q

Which type of magma has a high silica content?

A

Felsic

36
Q

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz (oceanic or continental)?

A

Continental crust

37
Q

Which type of quartz has little to no quartz?

A

Deep locations in continental crust, and oceanic crust.

38
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?

A

Intrusive igneous rock.

39
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

A

Extrusive igneous rock.

40
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

A

Quickly

41
Q

What are two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

A

Vesicular and porphyritic.

42
Q

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

A

Vesicular

43
Q

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

A

Porphyritic

44
Q

What type of rock has a vesicular texture?

A

Pumice

45
Q

Define clasts.

A

Clasts are small rock and mineral fragments

46
Q

What type of erosion are rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to?

A

Water, wind, and other forces

47
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

A

It means the clasts have become loose enough, broken off, or broken i into even smaller pieces to be transported by some force

48
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

A

It means the clasts have become rounded whilst being transportated

49
Q

Define pore space.

A

It is the empty space in between the grains of clasts

50
Q

Define compaction.

A

It is the process by which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material

51
Q

Define cementation.

A

It is when mineral slowly precipitates out of water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts

52
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

From compaction and cementation working at once

53
Q

What is another name for clasts?

A

Detritus

54
Q

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

A

Detrital sedimentary rock

55
Q

What is the decreasing size of clasts?

A

Gravel, silt, sand, and clay

56
Q

Which clast size would be deposited first?

A

Clay

57
Q

What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?

A

Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and shale

58
Q

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

A

From water that contains dissolved solids

59
Q

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms, what are they called?

A

Biochemical sedimentary rocks

60
Q

What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

A

Coal and limestone

61
Q

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?

A

Detrital, chemical, and biochemical sedimentary rocks

62
Q

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?

A

Heat, pressure, and chemical reaction

63
Q

Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?

A

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

64
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

A

Regional metamorphism

65
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes occur over small areas?

A

Contact metamorphism

66
Q

When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?

A

Fine-grained, foliated slate

67
Q

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?

A

Foliated and nonfoliated

68
Q

Define foliated texture

A

They have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands

69
Q

Define nonfoliated textures

A

They have crystals with more random orientations

70
Q

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?

A

Texture and composition

71
Q

Define rock cycle

A

The continual changing of rocks from one type to another

72
Q

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?

A

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

73
Q

What are the 3 types of rocks?

A

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

74
Q

Which type of rocks form from molten rock?

A

Igneous rocks

75
Q

Which types are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

A

Sedimentary rocks

76
Q

Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

A

Metamorphic rocks

77
Q

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?

A

Mineral

78
Q

The process that involves the physical and chemical breakdown of materials on Earth’s surface.

A

Weathering

79
Q

A mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life.

A

Soil

80
Q

The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

A

Erosion

81
Q

As rocks weather erosional agents like water, ice, wind, and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another in this process.

A

Sediment transport

82
Q

When the erosional agent allows down (in the case of water, wind, or gravity) or melts (in the case of glaciers), it drops this sediment load in this process.

A

Deposition

83
Q

The land area that gathers water for a major river is called a river’s ________________.

A

Drainage basin

84
Q

The movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called a what?

A

Longshore current

physical science (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions