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Chapter 24-28 > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

the_______ side of the heart circulates blood from the body to the lungs

A

right

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2
Q

the______side of the heart circulates oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the rest of the body

A

left

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3
Q

why is the right pump more muscular then the left

A

it must pump blood into the aorta and arteries in order to reach all cells of the body

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4
Q

as blood flows out of the heart, it passes into the____

A

aorta

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5
Q

the aorta is the largest____in the body

A

artery

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6
Q

the smaller blood vessels that connect the arteries and capillaries are____

A

arterioles

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7
Q

_______are small tubes, with the diameter of a single red blood cell, that pass among all the cells in the body, linking the arterioles and the_______

A

capillaries, venules

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8
Q

blood leaving the ____side of the capillaries flows into the venules

A

distal

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9
Q

small, thin-walled vessels empty into the ______, and the veins then empty into the ________ and __________ __ ___?

A

veins, inferior and superior venae cavae

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10
Q

the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal

A

perfusion

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11
Q

blood enters an organ or tissue first through?

A

arteries, then the arterioles, and finally the capillary bed

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12
Q

dark red and oozes from the wound slowly but steadily

A

capillary vessel

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13
Q

darker than arterial bleeding, and flows steadily

A

venous bleeding

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14
Q

bright red and spurts in time with pulse

A

arterial bleeding

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15
Q

what is DCAP-BTLS

A

Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions,Punctures,Burns, Tenderness,Lacerations,Swelling

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16
Q

Mass of blood in the soft tissue beneath the skin

A

Hematoma

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17
Q

Formation of a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessel, stopping blood flow

A

coagulation

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18
Q

upper chamber

A

atruim

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19
Q

a congenital condition in which a patient lacks one or more of the bloods normal clotting factors

A

hemophilia

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20
Q

works as two paired pumps

A

heart

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21
Q

largest artery in the body

A

aorta

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22
Q

a condition in which low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion

A

hypovolemic shock

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23
Q

oxygenated blood travels through this back to the heart

A

pulmonary vein

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24
Q

bruising

A

ecchymosis

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25
Q

blood flow to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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26
Q

lower chamber

A

ventricle

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27
Q

bleeding

A

hemorrhage

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28
Q

nosebleed

A

epistaxis

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29
Q

the function of the blood is to______ all of the bodys cells and tissues

A

deliver nutrients

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30
Q

the cardiovascular system consists of all of the following EXCEPT:

A

a battery

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31
Q

blood leaves each chamber of a normal heart through a (n):

A

one-way valve

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32
Q

blood enters the right atrium from the:

A

vena cava

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33
Q

_______is inadequate tissue perfusion

A

shock

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34
Q

the brain and spinal cord usually cannot go for more than_____ minutes without perfusion, or the nerve cells will be permanently damaged

A

4 to 6

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35
Q

an organ or tissue that is considerably_____ is much better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion

A

colder

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36
Q

the body will not tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than____ of blood volume

A

20%

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37
Q

if the typical adult loses more than 1L of blood, significant changes in vital signs, such as______,will occur

A

increased respiratory rate

38
Q

_____ shock is a condition in which low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion or even death

A

Hypovolemic

39
Q

you should consider bleeding to be serious if all of the following conditions are present EXCEPT:

A

there is no MOI

40
Q

Life-threatening external bleeding demands your immediate attention, even before the _____ has been managed

41
Q

the process of blood clotting and plugging the hole is called:

A

coagulation

42
Q

blood enters the left atrium from the:

43
Q

which of the following is NOT a factor in the formation of blood clots?

A

pumping function of the heart

44
Q

the______is the thickest chamber of the heart

A

left ventricle

45
Q

the_____links the arterioles and the venules

A

capillaries

46
Q

_______are the key to formation of blood clots

47
Q

blood contains all of the following EXCEPT:

A

cerebrospinal fluid

48
Q

_____is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ current needs for oxygen,nutrients, and waste removal

49
Q

the______only requires a minimal blood supply while at rest

50
Q

what part of the human body helps the Cardiovascular system adapt to changes in order to maintain homeostasis?

A

autonomic nervous system

51
Q

signs and symptoms of internal bleeding in both trauma and medical patients include:

A

hematemesis(vomiting blood)

52
Q

the first sign of hypovolemic shock is a change in:

A

mental status

53
Q

Venous blood tends to spurt and is difficult to control

54
Q

the human body is tolerant of blood losses greater than 20% of blood volume

55
Q

the first step in controlling external bleeding is applying pressure to the proximal artery

56
Q

the first step in preparing to treat a bleeding patient is standard precautions

57
Q

a properly applied tourniquet should be loosened by the EMT every 10 mins

58
Q

a patient who has swallowed a lot of blood may become nauseas and vomit

59
Q

you should contact medical control before applying tourniquet

60
Q

if a wound continues to bleed after it is bandaged, you should remove the bandage and start over again

61
Q

a tourniquet is always required for massive spurting blood loss

62
Q

you should provide high-flow oxygen whenever you suspect internal bleeding

63
Q

the_____side of the heart receives oxygen-poor from the veins

64
Q

_____is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal

65
Q

a(n)_____is also called a contusion

66
Q

_____bleeding is any bleeding in a cavity or space inside the body

67
Q

a systolic blood pressure of less than______mm Hg with a weak, rapid pulse suggests the presence of hypoperfusion in a patient who may have significant bleeding

68
Q

_____is vommiting blood

A

hematemesis

69
Q

_____blood is dark red and oozes from a wound steadily but slowly

70
Q

the _____ ____ system monitors the bodys needs from moment to moment and adjusts blood flow by changing the vascular tone, as needed

A

autonomic nervous system

71
Q

_____are small tubes that are about the same diameter as a single red blood cell

A

capilaries

72
Q

all organs depend on the ______to provide a rich blood supply

73
Q

discoloration of the skin associated with a closed wound

A

ecchymosis

74
Q

vomited blood

A

hematemesis

75
Q

a bruise, or ecchymosis

76
Q

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

77
Q

the blood vessels that carry blood from the tissue to the heart

78
Q

a congential condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the bloods normal clotting factors

A

hemophilia

79
Q

the main artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all of the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body

80
Q

a mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin

81
Q

a condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation so that every body party can perform its function

82
Q

____shock is a condition in which low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion

A

hypovolemic

83
Q

the bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure and evelation

A

tourniquet

84
Q

circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cells

85
Q

a nosebleed

86
Q

black, foul-smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood

87
Q

Describe how the autonomic nervous system responds to severe bleeding

A

it redirects blood away from nonessential organs to the heart, brain,lungs, and kidney

88
Q

describe the characteristics of bleeding from each type of vessel

A

artery: bright red, spurting
vein: dark color with steady flow
capillary: darker color, oozes

89
Q

List, in proper sequence, the methods by which an EMT should attempt to control external bleeding of an extremity

A

1 direct pressure 2 pressure dressing 3 tourniquet 4 hemostatic agent/splints

90
Q

list at least 10 signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock

A

tachycarida/weakness,fainting, or dizziness on standing or at rest/thirst/nausea and vomiting/ cold, moist(clammy)skin/shallow,rapid breathing/dull eyes/slightly dilated pupils, slow to respond to light/capillary refill in infants and children of more than 2 sec/ week, rapid(thready)pulse/ decreasing blood pressure/altered mental status

91
Q

list, in the proper sequence, the general EMT emergency care for patients with internal bleeding

A

1 follow standard precaution
2 maintain the airway with cervical spine immobilization
3 administer high-flow oxygen and provide artificial ventilation as necessary
4control all obvious external bleeding
5 treat suspect internal bleeding in an extremity by applying a splint
6 consider a pelvic compression device or splint for suspected internal bleeding from the pelvis area
7 monitor and record the patients vital signs at least every 5 min
8 keep the patient warm
9 give nothing by mouth
10 provide prompt transport for all patients with signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion. report changes inconditon to the ED

Chapter 24-28 (4 decks)

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