Chapter 24: The Control of Microorganisms by Antibiotics and Other Chemotherapeutic Agents

Question 1

Discovered salvarsan, an antibiotic used in treating syphilis

Answer 1

Paul Ehrlich

Question 2

Discovered the antibacterial effects of sulfonamides

Answer 2

Domagk

Question 3

Coined the word ‘antibiosis’

Answer 3

Vuillemin

Question 4

Coined the word ‘antibiotics’

Answer 4

Walksman

Question 5

Criteria for effective chemotherapeutic agents

Answer 5

1. Destroy or prevent parasite activity
2. Effective contact with parasite
3. Preserve natural defense mechanism

Question 6

Malaria is treated with

Answer 6

Quinine

Question 7

Quinine, a drug used to treat malaria is from what tree

Answer 7

Cinchona Tree

Question 8

Syphilis is caused by what specie

Answer 8

Treponema pallidum

Question 9

Recommended lactobacilli for dysentery

Answer 9

Elie Metchnikoff

Question 10

Gramicidin, tyrocidine, and streptomycin is from what specie

Answer 10

Bacillus brevis

Question 11

Discovered antibiotics from Bacillus brevis

Answer 11

Dubos

Question 12

Antibiotics as chemotherapeutic agents

Answer 12

1. Broad spectrum action.
2. Resistance prevention
3. Host safety
4. Microbial flora prevention

Question 13

Directly killing bacteria

Answer 13

Bactericidal

Question 14

Inhibiting bacterial growth

Answer 14

Bacteriostatic

Question 15

Primary points of attack for antibiotics on microorganisms

Answer 15

1. Inhibition od cell wall synthesis
2. Damage to the cytoplasmic membrane
3. Inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis
4. Inhibition of specific enzyme systems

Question 16

Most useful species of penicillin

Answer 16

Penicillium notatum, Penicillium chrysogenum

Question 17

Semisynthetic penicillin, bactericidal and lacks toxicity

Answer 17

Ampicillin

Question 18

The antibiotic, cephalosporins, is from what specie?

Answer 18

Cephalosporium acremonium

Question 19

Antibiotic that share great resemblance with Penicillium spp.

Answer 19

Cephalosporins

Question 20

Produced by streptomyces, initially used to treat tuberculosis

Answer 20

Cycloserin

Question 21

The antibiotic, bacitracin, is from what specie?

Answer 21

Bacillus subtilis

Question 22

Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces orientalis

Answer 22

Vancomycin

Question 23

Antibiotics are large ring structures with many double bonds

Answer 23

polyene

Question 24

Examples of polyene antibiotics

Answer 24

nystatin, amphotericin

Question 25

Nystatin is produces by what specie?

Answer 25

Streptomyces noursei

Question 26

Amphotericin is produced by what specie?

Answer 26

Streptomyces nodosus

Question 27

Antibiotics that act upon cells which have sterols in their cytoplasmic membrane. They
act upon fungi (including yeasts) and animal cells but do not affect bacteria.

Answer 27

Polyene

Question 28

Streptomycin is produced by what specie?

Answer 28

Streptomyces griseus

Question 29

Streptomyces griseus is a soil organism isolated by?

Answer 29

Schatz, Bugie, and Waksman

Question 30

Francisella tularensis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is inhibited by what antibiotic?

Answer 30

Streptomycin

Question 31

Streptomycin is chemically characterized as?

Answer 31

aminoglycoside antibiotic

Question 32

Other aminoglycoside antibiotics are kanamycin, and are produced by?

Answer 32

Streptomyces fradiae and other spp of streptomyces