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DMSO Physics > chapter 24 Q&A > Flashcards

chapter 24 Q&A Flashcards

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1
Q

a bioeffects report claims that obstetrical scaning may be harmful to a particular group of patients.

What should be the response of the medical community?

A

balance the benefit and risks and proceed when the benefit outweighs the risk

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2
Q

the study of the characteristics, attribues and quantities of a substance that induces bioeffects is called

A

dosimetry

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3
Q

there are no bioeffects associated with ultrasound

true/false

A

false

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4
Q

there are no bioeffects associated with ultrasound having characterisitics typical of those in diagnostic medicine

true/false

A

false

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5
Q

there are no harmful bioeffects associated with ultrasound having charcterisitcs typical with those in diagnostic medicine

true/false

A

true

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6
Q

cavitation describes the interaction between sound waves and small gas bubbles that exist in tissue

true/false

A

true

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7
Q

there are two forms of cavitation: normal and inertial

true/false

A

false

normal and inertial are the same

stable and normal are different

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8
Q

normal, transient or inertial cavitation deescribes the bursting of microbubbles

true/false

A

true

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9
Q

whcih of the following is NOT associated with the mechanistic approach

A. identifying cause-effect relationship

B, proposing a specific means that could produce a bioeffect

C. studying charts of patients who have been exposed to ultrasound

D. analyzing the mechanism using theoretical methods

E. reaching valid scientific conclusions

A

C. evaluating patient charts is an element of the empirical study of bioeffects

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10
Q

veterans of miolitary operation suspect that they have been exp[osed to chemical warfare agents. The VA hospital surveyed these soldiers to identify the persence of symptoms and the prevalence.

What form of medical investigation is this

A

empirical approach

investigated using an “exposure-response” method

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11
Q

name the two important mechanisms likely to induce bioeffects

A

thermal and nonthermal (mechanical)

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12
Q

which statement allows us to conclude that diagnostic ultraound does not injure tissues from temperature elevation

A. death resulting from an ultrasound exam had never been reported

B. mechanistic data indicate that diagnostic ultrasound is safe

C. conclusions from empirical data and mechanistic data are consistent; that is, diagnostic ultraosund is unlikely to cause thermally induced bioeffects

D. patients to not complain of burning during ultrasound exams

A

C. scientific conclusions are strongly justified when empirical and mechanistic investigations reach the same conclusions that are consistent

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13
Q

which modality is associated with the lowest tissue temperature elevation

A. pulsed doppler

B. color flow doppler

C. gray scale imaging

A

C. gray scale imaging

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14
Q

which ultrasound modality is associated with the highest tissue temperature elevation

A. pulsed doppler

B. color flow doppler

C. gray scale imaging

A

A. poulsed doppler

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15
Q

stable cavitation describes the rhythmic swelling and shrinking of gaseou nuclei

true/false

A

true

bubbles do not burst with stable cavitation

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16
Q

the primary investigative technique of epidem iology is

A. computer modeling

B. library research

C. reviewing data from patients

D. performing animal experiments

A

C. reviewing data from patients

17
Q

which of the following is NOT a limitation of epidemiological studies

A. medical charts are sometimes incomplete or inaccurate

B. other factors, unrelated to the study’s ultimate goal, must be accounted for

C. when teh bioeffect rate is small numerous patients must be studied

D. even when a bioeffect is identified, the investigator is still unsure of the specific reason

E. it does not provide greater understanding of the biologic significance of bioeffects

A

E. is NOT a limitation

the greatest strenght of epidemiologic research is its dependence on clinical significance

18
Q

the intesity limit established for ultrasound is higher for focused beams than for unfocused beams

true/false

A

true

19
Q

In-bitro studies are performed exclusively on living animals

true/false

A

false

in vitro means “in glass”

20
Q

bioeffects identified through in vitro research are not considered real

true/false

A

false

AIUM states that in vitro bioeffects must be considered real, however their clinical significance is unknown

21
Q

which measure of intensity is related most closely to tissue heating

A. I(m)

B. SATA

C. SPPA

D. SPTA

E. SPTP

A

D SPTA

spatial peak temporal average

22
Q

the next step following the identification of an in vitro bioeffect is

A. propose in vivo research to evaluate the clinical significance

B. cease performing clinical studies that may induce bioeffects in vivo

C. ignore the results

D. continue with in vitro research

E. obtain an informed consent regarding this report from all patients

A

A. further in vivo research should be performed

23
Q

exposing an individual to ultrasound from a diagnostic imaging system is never appropriate when there is absolutely no clinical benefit to that individual

true/false

A

false

it is appropriate for the sake of training and research

24
Q

which component of an ultrasound system is mosly likey to expose a patient to danger

A. monitor

B. transducer

C. scan converter

D. pulser

A

B transducer

25
Q

which is generally true of diagnostic ultrasound

A. harmful bioeffects do not occur, and it is unnecessary to discuss them

B. harmful bioeffects do not occur but it is irresponsible to ignore the possibility that they may

C. harmful bioeffects are often seen, but the benefit to patients outweighs the risk

D. only new technology such as 3-D or intravascular ultrasound need to be evaluated for bioeffects

A

B.

26
Q

which of the following is an appropriate use of ultrasound in obstetrics

A. determine fetal gender

B. viewing a fetus

C. obtaining a pitcure of a fetus

D. provide medical benefit to patient

A

D. medical benefit

27
Q

which of these factors are relevant with regard to the thermal mechaism of bioeffects

A. rarefactional pressure and freq

B. compression pressure and Freq

C. temperature and exposure

D. SPTA intensity and spatial pulse length

A

C temper and exposure time

28
Q

what informatoin should be provided to a patient when undergoing a study for the purpose of research or training

A. the anticipated exposure conditions and how these compare to normal diagnostic procedures

B. the duration of the exam

C. the research studiy’s goal

D. bioeffects associated with the technique

A

A. subject of research study should be informed of exposure conditions

29
Q

the transducer exposes a patient to the greatest risk

true/false

A

true

since it is in direct contact with the patient

DMSO Physics (16 decks)

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