Chapter 24 Micro Flashcards
Goblet cells
produce mucus to prevent pathogens gaining a foothold
Peyer’s Patches
specialized lymphatic tissue for surveillance of the gut microbiota.
- List and define the general signs and symptoms of Oral and GI Disease
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.
- Describe the properties of Staph enterotoxins that allow them to intoxicate food (even cooked
enterotoxins are heat and acid stabile (stable in low pH)
- Explain why Staphylococcal food poisoning can occur even when the organism is absent
Staphylococcal food poisoning can occur even when the organism responsible, Staphylococcus aureus, is absent due to the heat-stable toxins it produces. When food contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus is left at room temperature for some time, the bacteria multiply and produce toxins called enterotoxins. These enterotoxins are not destroyed by cooking or heating the food, so even if the bacteria are killed, the toxins remain in the food.
Enteroxygenic E coli
heat stable enterotoxin relatively mild watery diarhhea
Enterinvasive E coli
invasive plasma genes relatively mild watery diarhhea dysenentery or inflammatory colitis may occur
Enthrpaathogenic E coli
Locus of enterocyte effacement LEEpathogenicty island severe fever vomiting nonbloody diarhhea dehydration potentially fatal
Enterhemorrhagic e coli
verotoxin may be mild or very severe bloody diarhhea may result in HUs
Salmonella enterica
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Causative agent of Typhoid Fever - high fever, body aches, headache, nausea, lethargy, and a possible rash
Spread Fecal-oral in contaminated food/water
Resistant to Macrophages killing
The major virulence factors are plasmid encoded
Type 3 Secretion system directly injects bacterial proteins into host cytosol
- Describe the virulence factor responsible for presentation of disease in Cholera as well as the treatment protocol
Cholera toxin leads to an increase in chloride in the lumen of the intestines
Water “follows” chloride leading to “rice water stool
patients are receiving intravenous fluids to combat the dehydrating effects of this disease. They often lie on a cot with a hole in it and a bucket underneath to allow for monitoring of fluid loss
- Identify the etiologic agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, it’s virulence factors and treatment options
Clostridium difficile is able to colonize the mucous membrane of the colon when the normal microbiota is disrupted. The toxins TcdA and TcdB trigger an immune response, with neutrophils and monocytes migrating from the bloodstream to the site of infection
fecal transplantation
Hep A
Hep A HAV – mild to self limiting contaminated food water person to person
Hep B
similar to hep a progression into cirrhosis and liver failure liver cancer – blood semen saliva IV drug use sexual transmission infected patients
Hep C
often asymptomatic 75-85% chronic carriers may progress to liver Cncer – contact with infected body fluids no vaccine
