Chapter 24: Male Genitourinary System Flashcards
When does the production of Testosterone decline
By age 70.
What are some age-related changes that occur among aging adult males?
Decrease in pubic hair, penile size. slower; less intense sexual response, erection takes longer to develop, and ejaculation shorter, less forceful, and with rapid detumescence.
What are some urinary changes an aging male may experience?
enlarged prostate, difficulty urinating, urgency, hesitancy, dribbling of urine, difficult to start urine flow, increase in nocturia, increase in hematuria.
What is suspected with males who experience painless hematuria UNTIL proven otherwise?
Prostate.. This may also signal kidney stones or neoplasm.
Which muscle controls the size of the scrotum by responding to ambient temperature?
Cremaster Muscle
What is the epididymis?
A markedly coiled duct system and the main storage site for sperm.
Where do the lymphatics of the testes/scrotal surface and testes drain?
Penis/scrotal surface lymphatics drain into the inguinal lymph nodes. The Testes lymphatics drain into the abdomen.
What are the measurements of a testis at birth?
1.5-2 cm long and 1 cm wide.
What are the Avg ages of Puberty in both African American and Caucasian/Hispanic boys?
Age 9 to African Americans and Age 10 for both Caucasians and Hispanic males.
What is the order of changes that occur with puberty
enlargement of testis, appearance of pubic hair, and deepening of the voice.
Things that may contribute to earlier onset of puberty?
Chemical exposure, inactivity, and diet changes.
What are some subjective data that you need to ask a male about during exam?
frequency-urgency,nocturia, dysuria, hesitancy, straining, past genitourinary history, urine color, penis, scrotum, self-care, sexual activity and contraceptive use, STI contact.
What is nocturnal enuresis?
Involuntarily urinating at night after age 5-6 years.
why should children have 3 trusted adults OTHER than parents they can name?
They need to have support people who they can go to, as parents are often perpetrators of sexual abuse.
What vaccine helps to prevent genital warts in men and HPV-related cervical cancer in women?
Gardasil
What is nocturia and some of its causes?
Nocturia: increased need to urinate at night, may be caused by diuretics, habit, fluid ingestion 3hrs before bed, coffee and alcohol consumption.
What are some abnormal findings when inspecting the penis
lesions, nodules, chancre (solitary ulcer) grouped vesicles, superficial ulcers, wartlike papules, and male genital warts.
What is phimosis
narrowed opening of prepuce; cant retract the foreskin
What is paraphimosis
painful constriction of the glans by retracted foreskin
what is hypospadias?
ventral location of meatus
What is epispadiasis
dorsal location of meatus
When is testicular cancer most often occurring? what is it often associated with? What is TSE
15-35yr. Often associated with cryptorchism.
T: timing, once a month
S: shower, warm water, relaxes the scrotal sac
E: examine, check for changes, report changes immediately.
What are typical characteristics of urine? What does typical urinalysis of male urine show?
pale in color, pH 4.5-8.0, specific gravity (1.003-1.030), < 5 RBC or WBC.
Proteinuria indicates? Glycosuria indicates? Increased WBCs, increased RBCs indicate?
proteinuria: glomerular disease in the nephron, glycosuria: hyperglycemia.
Increased WBCs: UTI,
Increased RBCs: UTI, glomerulonephritis, renal calculi, trauma, and cancer.
What does creatinine measure? What does the BUN measure
Creatinine measures glomerular filtration rate. When GFR decreases by half, the serum creatinine doubles, indicating decreased kidney function. BUN: Blood Urea
Nitrogen rises with decreased kidney function. BUN measures urea nitrogen in the blood. This is a waste product from the liver breaking down proteins
What is the GFR, its normal values
Glomerular Filtration Rate is the product of filtration pressure in the glomeruli.
Normal value: 125mL/min.
