Chapter 24

Question 1

What is fever the result of?

Answer 1

Fever-inducing substances (pyrogens) which activate cytokines

Question 2

What do cytokines do?

Answer 2

Increase the synthesis and secretion of prostaglins in the hypothalamus, which stimulates the hypothalamus to re-set the body’s temperature (higher than normal)

Question 3

What are the classic signs of inflammation?

Answer 3

Swelling
Heat
Redness
Pain
Loss of function

Question 4

What happens on a vascular level during the inflammation response?

Answer 4

Vasoconstriction occurs in the surrounding vessels

• vasodilation of both arterioles and venules (warmth and colour)
• increased permeability (increase in fluid = swelling)

Question 5

What are the 4 phases of cellular response?

Answer 5

1. Margination of WBCs (WBCs move to the periphery of the blood vessels to prepare for emigration
2. Emigration of WBCs
3. Chemotaxis (cellular debris or bacteria become more attactive to bacteria)
4. Phagocytosis - neutrophils and monocytes engulf and degrade the cellular debris

Question 6

What is platelet aggregation?

Answer 6

Clumping together of platelets in the blood