Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary goal of care in the first moments after birth?

A

establishing effective respirations

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2
Q

When obtaining the heart rate either through the umbilical cord or apical pulse you count for how many seconds and multiply by what?

A

count for 6 seconds and multiply by 10

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3
Q

what 5 things does the apgar score test?

A

heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, skin color

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4
Q

when should the apgar test be done?

A

at 1 and 5 minutes

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5
Q

score of 0-3

A

indicates severe distress

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6
Q

score of 4-6

A

indicate moderate difficulty

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7
Q

score of 7-10

A

indicate infant is having minimal difficulty adjusting to extrauterine life

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8
Q

can you do a rectal temp?

A

no this can cause perforation

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9
Q

normal axillary temp is what

A

98.6 degrees

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10
Q

Respiratory rate should be what

A

between 30-60 breaths/minute

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11
Q

Birth weight ranges from what if normal?

A

2500-4000 g (5.5-8.8 lb)

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12
Q

head circumference ranges from what?

A

32-36.8 cm

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13
Q

length ranges from what?

A

45-55 cm

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14
Q

What is the New Ballard Score used for?

A

determining gestational age.

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15
Q

Preterm

A

born before 37 weeks

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16
Q

Late Preterm

A

34-37 weeks

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17
Q

Early Term

A

37-39 weeks

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18
Q

Full term

A

39-41 weeks

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19
Q

Late Term

A

41-42 weeks

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20
Q

Postterm

A

42 weeks and behond

21
Q

Postmature

A

born after 42 weeks and showing the effects of progressive placental insufficiency.

22
Q

What are some of the maneuvers used in assessing gestational age?

A

posture, square window, arm recoil, popliteal angle, scarf sign, heel to ear

23
Q

characteristics of a postterm infant

A

little if any vernix caseosa, absence of lanugo, abundant scalp hair, long fingernails

24
Q

what is the ideal method for maintaining neonatal body temp?

A

skin to skin contact

25
Q

how often is the axillary temp of the newborn checked?

A

at least every hour

26
Q

how quickly is eye prophylaxis usually given?

A

within an hour after birth; may be delayed up to two hours for breastfeeding

27
Q

what are some adverse reactions to eye prophylaxis?

A

conjunctivitis for up to 48 hours and temporary blurred vision

28
Q

how can the nurse differentiate hemorrhagic areas from a skin rash or discolorations?

A

the nurse attempts to blanch the skin by pressing with two fingers and lifting off to wait for the return of blood; petechiae and ecchymoses will not blanch whereas skin rashes and discolorations will blanch.

29
Q

how often should every newborn be assessed for jaundice?

A

every 8-12 hours

30
Q

what can adequate feeding prevent?

A

hyperbilirubinemia

31
Q

what does colostrum do to help with hyperbilirubinemia?

A

colostrum acts as a laxative to promote stooling which helps rid the body of bilirubin

32
Q

what is the purpose of phototherapy?

A

to reduce the level of circulating unconjugated bilirubin or keep it from increasing

33
Q

phototherapy is delivered through

A

lamp, blanket, pad, cover body devices

34
Q

what is important when using a phototherapy lamp?

A

to cover the infants eyes

35
Q

why must you monitor urinary output during phototherapy?

A

as an indicator of hydration status

36
Q

can you apply ointments, creams, or lotions during phototherapy?

A

no this can absorb heat and cause burns

37
Q

What level indicates hypoglycemia that warrants treatment?

A

glucose levels less than 40 mg/dl

38
Q

hypocalcemia symptoms in neonates can look like symptoms of what?

A

hypoglycemia

39
Q

what is the most commonly diagnosed genetic disorder in newborns?

A

hearing loss

40
Q

What can you do before a heelstick to help with getting a good sample?

A

warm the heel w/ application of heat for 5-10 minutes to dilate the vessels in the area

41
Q

To prevent complications of a heelstick…

A

the puncture is made at the outer aspect of the heel and penetrates no deeper than 2.4 mm.

42
Q

How can pain from a heelstick be reduced?

A

have mother hold the neonate, use oral sucrose, swaddling.

43
Q

What kind of needle will be used for neonate venipuncture?

A

a 23-25 guage butterfly needle or hypodermic needle with a syringe.

44
Q

why must you make every effort to keep the infant quiet and calm while doing venipuncture for blood gas studies?

A

because crying, fear, and agitation will affect the values

45
Q

Urine Samples…

A

should be fresh and analyzed within 1 hour of collection

46
Q

How do most falls occur?

A

when the mother falls asleep while holding the newborn in her bed or reclining chair.

47
Q

IM injection

A

must be done with a 25 guage needle, 5/8 inch, no more than 0.5 ml, and the preferred injection site is the vastus lateralis

48
Q

circumcision care

A

wash with water not wipes and apply petroleum to keep the penis from adhering to the diaper at each diaper change