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Maternal Exam 2 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first stage of the transition period and how long does it last?

A

First Period of Reactivity. Lasts up to 30 minutes after birth.

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2
Q

How long does the period of decreased responsiveness last?

A

60-100 minutes.

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3
Q

The second period of reactivity

A

occurs between 2-8 hours after birth and lasts from 10 minutes to several hours.

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4
Q

Clamping the umbilical cord causes a rise in ___ which increases what?

A

BP. Circulation and Lung perfusion.

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5
Q

The alveoli of the term infant’s lungs are lined with __________, a protein manufactured in type II lung cells.

A

surfactant

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6
Q

What happens with decreased or absent surfactant?

A

more pressure must be generated for inspiration, which can quickly tire a preterm or sick term infant.

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7
Q

Normal breath sounds for the first few hours?

A

should be clear and equal bilaterally but fine rales are not unusual

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8
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate for baby?

A

30-60. Anything below 30 or above 60 needs to be evaluated.

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9
Q

What is Acrocyanosis?

A

the bluish discoloration of hands and feet. this is a normal finding in the first 24 hours after birth.

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10
Q

When does TTNB usually resolve?

A

within 24-48 hours.

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11
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a term newborn?

A

110-160

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12
Q

Where can you palpate the heart rate immediately after birth?

A

at the base of the umbilical cord

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13
Q

Where is the apical pulse on the newborn located?

A

at the fourth intercostal space and to the left of the midclavicular line

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14
Q

Sinus Dysrhythmia

A

Is common in the newborn

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15
Q

What is the average systolic and diastolic BP for the term newborn?

A

Systolic: 60-80
Diastolic: 40-50

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16
Q

The MAP should be equivalent to the what?

A

weeks of gestation

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17
Q

blood volume in the newborn averages

A

85 ml/kg

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18
Q

What are benefits of delayed cord clamping?

A

improves hematocrit and iron status and decreases anemia, reduces the risk of intraventricular hemmorhage; benefits can last up to 6 months.

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19
Q

what is thermoregulation?

A

the maintenance of balance between heat loss and heat production.

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20
Q

heat loss in the newborn occurs by what four modes?

A
  1. convection
  2. radiation
  3. evaporation
  4. conduction
21
Q

Convection

A

the flow of heat from the body surface to cooler ambient air

22
Q

Radiation

A

the loss of heat from the body surface to a cooler solid surface not in direct contact but in relative proximity. (crib to window)

23
Q

Evaporation

A

the loss of heat that occurs when a liquid is converted to vapor

24
Q

Conduction

A

the loss of heat from the body surface to cooler surfaces in direct contact

25
Q

what is thermogenesis?

A

in response to cold the neonate attempts to generate heat by increasing muscle activity

26
Q

Brown Fat

A

newborns metabolize brown fat to produce heat; this is rapidly depleted by cold stress.

27
Q

a stool that is very soft with a high water content with a distinct water ring around the stool on the diaper can be indicative of what?

A

the infant is allergic to or unable to digest a formula

28
Q

Within the first week the newborns blood glucose level should be approximately what?

A

60-80 mg/dl

29
Q

When does physiologic jaundice appear in the newborn?

A

after 24 hours of age

30
Q

when does pathologic jaundice appear in the newborn?

A

within 24 hours of birth.

31
Q

define kernicterus

A

refers to the irreversible long term consequences of bilirubin toxicity such as hypotonia, delayed motor skills, hearing loss, cerebral palsy, and gaze abnormalities.

32
Q

breastfeeding associated jaundice begins when?

A

at 2-5 days old

33
Q

breast milk jaundice appears when?

A

5-10 days old

34
Q

what is the greatest risk factor for neonatal infection?

A

prematurity

35
Q

what is the cheeselike whitish substance found on the epidermis after 35 weeks gestation?

A

vernix caseosa

36
Q

what are Mongolian spots?

A

bluish black areas of pigmentation that can appear over any part of the body.

37
Q

Nevus simplex

A

stork bites

38
Q

petechiae can be normal if it disappears within 48 hours but if not….

A

should be report to the pcp as this can indicate underlying problems

39
Q

what is hydrocele?

A

accumulation of fluid around the testes

40
Q

what is caput succedaneum?

A

generalized edematous area of the scalp found on the occiput. Usually disappears within 3-4 days.

41
Q

what is cephalhematoma?

A

a collection of blood between a skull bone and it’s periosteum. Usually resolves in 2-8 weeks.

42
Q

what is subgaleal hemorrhage?

A

bleeding into the subgaleal compartment.

43
Q

What are signs of developmental dysplasia of the hips?

A

asymmetric gluteal and thigh skinfolds, uneven knee levels, a positive Ortolani test, and a positive Barlow test.

44
Q

Moro Reflex

A

allowing head to fall backward with support or performing a sharp hand clap; infant should extend arms and fingers out like they’re startled

45
Q

Babinski Reflex

A

stroking the heel of the foot up and across the ball of the foot; infant should hyperextend toes.

46
Q

newborns can see objects as far away as __ cm but their clearest visual distance is __ to __ cm away.

A
  1. 17-20
47
Q

by the _____ day of life babies can recognize their mother’s smell.

A

fifth

48
Q

what can a high pitched cry be a sign of?

A

a neurological disorder

49
Q

what is habituation?

A

a protective mechanism that allows the infant to become accustomed to environmental stimuli.

Maternal Exam 2 (4 decks)

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