Chapter 24 Flashcards
The target cells of the hormone ___________ are located in a woman’s uterus and breasts. This hormone causes its target cells to contract, which causes the uterine contractions that push out the newborn during labor and releases mild from the breast cells to feed the infant.
a) oxytocin
b) progesterone
c) estrogen
d) ACTH
e) prolactin
b) progesterone
Human sex hormones are classified as which type of biological molecule?
a) enzyme
b) lipid
c) protein
d) carbohydrate
e) nucleic acid
d) carbohydrate
Why are steroid hormone complexes with their receptors able to directly bind to DNA to influence gene expression, whereas peptide hormones must influence gene expression indirectly?
a) Peptide hormones are made from amino acids, which are also used to make proteins, and proteins cannot bind to DNA. Steroid hormones are not made from amino acids, and therefore they can directly interact with DNA.
b) Steroid hormones are lipid-based, allowing them to pass throughout he lipid-composed cell membrane to enter the cell and directly bind to DNA. Peptide hormones are not lipid-based and therefore cannot pass through the cell membrane.
c) Steroid hormones are smaller than peptide hormones and can fit through the holes in the cell membrane to enter the cell.
d) Steroid hormones are cholesterol-based and therefore can block arteries, causing cardiovascular disease. Directly binding to DNA allows them to complete their function and to be removed from the circulatory system as soon as possible.
e) Neither steroid nor peptide hormones directly bind to DNA; both influence gene expression indirectly.
c) Steroid hormones are smaller than peptide hormones and can fit through the holes in the cell membrane to enter the cell.
The _________ is a pea-sized gland located below the hypothalamus in the brain and is one of the controlling glands of the endocrine system.
a) testis
b) pancreas
c) thyroid gland
d) pituitary gland
e) adrenal gland
e) adrenal gland
The hypothalamus secretes which two hormones into the posterior pituitary gland, from where they enter the bloodstream and act on their target cells?
a) ADH and TSH
b) prolactin and oxytocin
c) oxytocin and ADH
d) pheromone and ACTH
e) FSH and LH
b) prolactin and oxytocin
The following pairs link a human gland with the hormone(s) it secretes. Which pairing is incorrect?
a) adrenal cortex: cortisol
b) pancreas: insulin
c) testis: testosterone
d) ovary: estrogen and progesterone
e) thyroid: oxytocin
b) pancreas: insulin
The pituitary gland is actually a fusion of two glands. Which of the following statements about its origins is correct?
a) The posterior pituitary is an outgrowth of the cerebellum; the anterior pituitary develops from the pineal gland.
b) The anterior pituitary is an outgrowth of the hypothalamus; the posterior pituitary is an outgrowth of the cerebellum.
c) The posterior pituitary is an outgrowth of the hypothalamus; the anterior pituitary is an outgrowth of the cerebellum.
d) The posterior pituitary is an outgrowth of the hypothalamus; the anterior pituitary develops from a fold of tissue at the roof of the embryonic mouth.
e) The anterior pituitary is an outgrowth of the hypothalamus; the posterior pituitary develops from a fold of tissue at the roof of the embryonic mouth.
d) The posterior pituitary is an outgrowth of the hypothalamus; the anterior pituitary develops from a fold of tissue at the roof of the embryonic mouth.
The _______ gland releases melatonin, which is a hormone important in regulating circadian cycles in numerous mammalian species.
a) pineal
b) adrenal
c) pituitary
d) thyroid
e) pancreatic
e) pancreatic
The target tissues or organs of insulin are:
a) the testes and ovaries.
b) blood and the pancreas.
c) muscles and the liver.
d) blood and bones.
e) muscles and the pancreas.
b) blood and the pancreas.
Blood samples from an individual who has fasted for 24 hours would have:
a) high levels of insulin and low levels of glucagon.
b) high levels of both insulin and glucagon.
c) high levels of glucagon and standard levels of insulin.
d) low levels of both insulin and glucagon.
e) high levels of glucagon and low levels of insulin.
d) low levels of both insulin and glucagon.
Many female bodybuilders take steroids (testosterone) to increase muscle mass and achieve their desired body shape. The consequences can include all of the following except:
a) increased competitiveness and aggressiveness.
b) increased hair growth.
c) decreased object memory.
d) increased concentration.
e) decreased fertility.
b) increased hair growth.
If a high does of time-released testosterone is given to a male songbird, which of the following is not a likely effect?
a) He would obtain a larger territory than males with lower levels of circulating testosterone.
b) He would get into many fights with larger males.
c) He would have a longer life span than most other males.
d) He would enjoy increased reproductive success.
e) He would develop a greater muscle mass than other males of similar body weight.
c) He would have a longer life span than most other males.
