Chapter 23 Flashcards
Animal nervous systems have several principal features. These include all of the following except:
a) they coordinate long-term growth and development in an organism.
b) they receive input from the world around the organism.
c) they initiate responses to the information they receive from the world, when necessary.
d) they process the information from the world that an organism receives.
e) All of the above are principal features of animal nervous systems.
a) they coordinate long-term growth and development in an organism.
Which of the following statements about plants and nervous systems is correct?
a) Plants can feel pain in their trunks and stems, whereat why have neurons, but not in their leaves.
b) Plants can feel pain in their leaves, where they have neurons, but not in their trunks or stems.
c) Plants can feel pain because they have a nervous system that extends throughout all of their tissue.
d) Plants can feel pain in their trunks, where they have neurons, but not in their stems or leaves.
e) Plants cannot feel pain, because they do not have nervous systems.
e) Plants cannot feel pain, because they do not have nervous systems.
What is the difference between a nerve and a neuron?
a) A nerve is a bundle of neurons, whereas a neuron is a single cell.
b) Nerves have synapses with muscle cells, whereas neurons have synapses with other neurons.
c) Nerves have dendrites that can be modified into sensory cells, whereas neurons do not have dendrites.
d) “Nerve” is the name given to nervous system cells specialized for receiving and transmitting information, whereas “neuron” describes a nerve cell in humans.
e) There is no difference. They are different words for the same structure.
a) A nerve is a bundle of neurons, whereas a neuron is a single cell.
In a neuron, the cell body:
a) contains the nucleus, mitochondria, and other cell organelles.
b) does not contain a nucleus.
c) has a membrane that is impermeable to water and intracellular solutes.
d) is highly modified and coated in a fatty myelin sheath.
e) is considered the primary structure of the “central” nervous system.
a) contains the nucleus, mitochondria, and other cell organelles.
Dendrites:
a) conduct action potentials away from the cell body.
b) are present in mammalian nervous systems, but not in the nervous systems of other vertebrates.
c) receive information from other neurons or from the external environment.
d) are coated in a fatty substance called the myelin sheath, which speeds up the rate at which signals are conducted.
e) are bundles of axons.
c) receive information from other neurons or from the external environment.
In individuals with multiple sclerosis, myelin is gradually lost. What symptoms would you expect these individuals to exhibit?
a) Their membranes have reduced numbers of sodium channels.
b) Their sensory neurons lose the ability to initiate action potentials.
c) Their brain becomes smaller.
d) They are able to continue athletic activity long after pain would cause most individuals to stop.
e) Their neurons gradually lose their ability to conduct electrical impulses.
e) Their neurons gradually lose their ability to conduct electrical impulses.
Which of the choices below properly describes the difference between the gray and white matter of the nervous system?
a) The white matter is composed of non-myelinated fibers, and the gray matter is composed of myelinated fibers.
b) The white matter is composed of neuron bodies, and the gray matter is composed of axons and dendrites.
c) The white matter is composed of sensory neurons, and the gray matter is composed of motor neurons.
d) The white matter is composed of myelinated fibers, and the gray matter is composed of non-myelinated fibers.
e) None of the above.
d) The white matter is composed of myelinated fibers, and the gray matter is composed of non-myelinated fibers.
The synapse consists of:
a) the release of neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft.
b) a presynaptic neuron and its neurotransmitters.
c) the membrane depolarization that occurs at gaps in the myelin sheath.
d) the interface between a neuron and another neuron or a muscle cell or gland.
e) None of the above.
d) the interface between a neuron and another neuron or a muscle cell or gland.
Neurotransmitters in a synaptic cleft have all of the following possible fates except:
a) reuptake by the presynaptic neuron.
b) enzymatic breakdown in the synaptic cleft.
c) inactivation by acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
d) binding to a receptor int he postsynaptic cell membrane.
e) All of the above are possible fates of neurotransmitters in a synaptic cleft.
c) inactivation by acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
An action potential in the optic nerve triggered by light striking the eye is the same as:
a) an action potential triggered by air vibrating in the ear.
b) an action potential triggered by salt on the tongue.
c) an action potential triggered by an odorous substance entering the nose.
d) Answers a), b), and c) are correct.
e) None of the above is correct.
d) Answers a), b), and c) are correct.
When you put a piece of chocolate on your tongue, your brain registers, a sensation of sweetness. What aspect of a molecule is responsible for its having a particular taste?
a) the molecule’s shape.
b) the total number of protons in the molecule.
c) the number of hydrogen bonds in the molecule (more hydrogen bonds = sweeter taste).
d) the ratio of covalent bonds to ionic bonds joining the atoms of the molecule.
e) the speed of melting in your mouth.
a) the molecule’s shape.
Because cone cells are less sensitive to light than are rod cells:
a) cones are better suited for daylight vision.
b) cones are better suited for night vision.
c) cones are better suited for peripheral vision.
d) Both a) and c) are correct.
e) Both b) and c) are correct.
a) cones are better suited for daylight vision.
Sensory receptors in your skin include:
a) mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and pain receptors.
b) mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and electromagnetic receptors.
c) chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and electromagnetic receptors.
d) mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and pain receptors.
e) mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, electromagnetic receptors, and pain receptors.
a) mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and pain receptors.
The connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone is also known as:
a) collagen.
b) a ligament.
c) cartilage.
d) a tendon.
e) None of the above.
d) a tendon.
Which of the following is not one of the many functions of an endoskeleton?
a) storage of important vital minerals.
b) production of blood and immune cells.
c) protection of the body’s internal structures.
d) supporting the animal against gravity.
e) All of the above are important functions of an exoskeleton.
e) All of the above are important functions of an exoskeleton.
