Chapter 24

Question 1

Microevolution

Answer 1

Evolutionary change below the species level; change in allele frequencies in population over generations

Question 2

Macroevolution

Answer 2

Evolutionary change above species level. EX: origin of new species thru series of speciation events or mass extinctions and their recovery

Question 3

What prevents inbreeding between different species

Answer 3

Behavior, habitat, temporal (time of day or year they breed) mechanical (parts don’t fit to create offspring) gametic (sperm from one species can’t fertilize egg from other species)

Question 4

Reproductive isolation

Answer 4

Biological factors that prevent members from 2 different species to breed

Question 5

Prezygotic barrier

Answer 5

Reproductive barrier that hinders mating or fertilization if mating is attempted (mechanical or gametic isolation)

Question 6

Postzygotic barrier

Answer 6

Reproductive barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes produced from 2 different species from growing into a adult (genetic mutations or diseases)

Question 7

Allotropic speciation

Answer 7

Formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another

Question 8

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 8

Formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area

Question 9

Polyploidy

Answer 9

Chromosomal alteration in which the organisms possesses more then 2 complete chromosomal sets, accident of cell division

Question 10

Autopolyploidy

Answer 10

Individual that has more then 2 chromosomal sets that are all derived from a single species

Question 11

Hybrid zone

Answer 11

Area where different species mate and produced mixed offspring

Question 12

Reinforcement

Answer 12

Process in which natural selection strengthens prezygotic barriers to reproduction, decreases hybrid formation

Question 13

Punctuated equalibria

Answer 13

In the fossil record, long period where species undergo little to no morphological change, interrupted by brief periods of sudden change