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Lecture Exam 3 Chapters > Chapter 23 Respiratory > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What components make up the upper respiratory tract?

A

nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and pharynx

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2
Q

What components make up the lower respiratory tract?

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

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3
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

Cells in the nose that secrete mucous

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4
Q

What is the function of the cilia and mucus lining the respiratory tract?

A

to prevent pathogens from entering the lungs

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5
Q

How is air moistened and warmed during inspiration?

A

Air passes the membrane and heat radiates from the blood to warm the air. Evaporation from water from mucous lining moistens air.

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6
Q

What is the pharynx a passageway for?

A

air and food

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7
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

connect laryngopharnx with trachea, prevent foreign objects from entering trachea, contains vocal cords

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8
Q

List the 3 largest cartilages in the larynx

A

Thyroid, cricoid and epiglottic

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9
Q

Which cartilage of the larynx is the only one made of elastic cartilage?

A

epiglottic

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10
Q

What is the glottis?

A

opening of the trachea

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11
Q

What is the function of the corniculate cartilage?

A

regulates tension on vocal cords and aids in closing the larynx during swallowing

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12
Q

What is the function of the cuneiform cartilage?

A

stiffens soft tissue in the region

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13
Q

List the order of the bronchial tree beginning with the primary bronchi and ending with the alveoli.

A

Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi (lobar), tertiary bronchi (segmental), interlobular bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveloar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

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14
Q

What structures make up the conducting zone?

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles

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15
Q

What structures make up the respiratory zone?

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli

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16
Q

What is the functional unit of the lung?

A

pulmonary lobule

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17
Q

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

A

760mmHg

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18
Q

Explain Dalton’s law

A

each gas contributes to total atmospheric pressure

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19
Q

what is the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level?

A

159.6 mmHg

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20
Q

Explain Henry’s law

A

Gas will dissolve in a liquid

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21
Q

What is a respiratory cycle?

A

one inspiration plus the following expiration

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22
Q

Define tidal volume.

A

The volume of air that enters or leaves during respiratory cycle

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23
Q

What is the average tidal volume?

A

500 mL

24
Q

Define inspiratory reserve volume.

A

the amount of air a person can suck in in addition to tidal volume

25
Q

What is the average IRV amount?

A

3100 mL

26
Q

Define expiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of air a person can force out in addition to tidal volume

27
Q

What is the average ERV?

A

1200 mL

28
Q

Define residual volume

A

the amount of air left over following a forceful expiration, keeps the lungs from collapsing

29
Q

What is the average RV?

A

1200 mL

30
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

very deep breath and forced exhale

31
Q

What is the equation for vital capacity?

A

IRV+TV+ERV

32
Q

What is inspiratory capacity?

A

maximum amount of air a person can take in

33
Q

What is the equation for inspiratory capacity?

A

TV+IRV

34
Q

What is the functional residual capacity?

A

volume of air that remains in the lungs after normal expiration

35
Q

What is the equation for functional residual capacity

A

ERV+RV

36
Q

What is the minute volume equation?

A

TV x breaths/minute

37
Q

Define alveolar ventilation rate

A

amount of air that reaches the alveoli and is available for gas exchange

38
Q

What is the equation for alveolar ventilation rate

A

(TV-150)x breaths per minute

39
Q

List three ways C02 is transported to the lungs?

A

plasma, carbonic acid and attached to hemoglobin

40
Q

How is most CO2 transported in the blood?

A

via carbonic acid

41
Q

If plasma concentrations of CO2 are too high, what will CO2 combine with and what will it form?

A

Combines with water to form carbonic acid

42
Q

Carbonic acid ionizes to release…

A

hydrogen and bicarbonate

43
Q

Where is breathing controlled?

A

medulla oblongata- medulla rhythmicity area

44
Q

Where is the pneumotaxic center located

A

in the pons

45
Q

What does the pneumotaxic center do?

A

limits inspiration to prevent hypexpansion

46
Q

alveoli-

A

small cavity

47
Q

carcin-

A

spreading sore

48
Q

cric-

A

ring

49
Q

hem-

A

blood

50
Q

phren-

A

mind, diaphragm

51
Q

bronch-

A

windpipe

52
Q

carin-

A

keel-like

53
Q

epi-

A

upon

54
Q

inhal-

A

to breathe in

55
Q

tuber-

A

swelling

Lecture Exam 3 Chapters (2 decks)

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