Chapter 23 Respiratory

Question 1

What components make up the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and pharynx

Question 2

What components make up the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 2

larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

Question 3

What are goblet cells?

Answer 3

Cells in the nose that secrete mucous

Question 4

What is the function of the cilia and mucus lining the respiratory tract?

Answer 4

to prevent pathogens from entering the lungs

Question 5

How is air moistened and warmed during inspiration?

Answer 5

Air passes the membrane and heat radiates from the blood to warm the air. Evaporation from water from mucous lining moistens air.

Question 6

What is the pharynx a passageway for?

Answer 6

air and food

Question 7

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 7

connect laryngopharnx with trachea, prevent foreign objects from entering trachea, contains vocal cords

Question 8

List the 3 largest cartilages in the larynx

Answer 8

Thyroid, cricoid and epiglottic

Question 9

Which cartilage of the larynx is the only one made of elastic cartilage?

Answer 9

epiglottic

Question 10

What is the glottis?

Answer 10

opening of the trachea

Question 11

What is the function of the corniculate cartilage?

Answer 11

regulates tension on vocal cords and aids in closing the larynx during swallowing

Question 12

What is the function of the cuneiform cartilage?

Answer 12

stiffens soft tissue in the region

Question 13

List the order of the bronchial tree beginning with the primary bronchi and ending with the alveoli.

Answer 13

Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi (lobar), tertiary bronchi (segmental), interlobular bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveloar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Question 14

What structures make up the conducting zone?

Answer 14

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles

Question 15

What structures make up the respiratory zone?

Answer 15

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli

Question 16

What is the functional unit of the lung?

Answer 16

pulmonary lobule

Question 17

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

Answer 17

760mmHg

Question 18

Explain Dalton’s law

Answer 18

each gas contributes to total atmospheric pressure

Question 19

what is the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level?

Answer 19

159.6 mmHg

Question 20

Explain Henry’s law

Answer 20

Gas will dissolve in a liquid

Question 21

What is a respiratory cycle?

Answer 21

one inspiration plus the following expiration

Question 22

Define tidal volume.

Answer 22

The volume of air that enters or leaves during respiratory cycle

Question 23

What is the average tidal volume?

Answer 23

500 mL

Question 24

Define inspiratory reserve volume.

Answer 24

the amount of air a person can suck in in addition to tidal volume

Question 25

What is the average IRV amount?

Answer 25

3100 mL

Question 26

Define expiratory reserve volume

Answer 26

The amount of air a person can force out in addition to tidal volume

Question 27

What is the average ERV?

Answer 27

1200 mL

Question 28

Define residual volume

Answer 28

the amount of air left over following a forceful expiration, keeps the lungs from collapsing

Question 29

What is the average RV?

Answer 29

1200 mL

Question 30

What is vital capacity?

Answer 30

very deep breath and forced exhale

Question 31

What is the equation for vital capacity?

Answer 31

IRV+TV+ERV

Question 32

What is inspiratory capacity?

Answer 32

maximum amount of air a person can take in

Question 33

What is the equation for inspiratory capacity?

Answer 33

TV+IRV

Question 34

What is the functional residual capacity?

Answer 34

volume of air that remains in the lungs after normal expiration

Question 35

What is the equation for functional residual capacity

Answer 35

ERV+RV

Question 36

What is the minute volume equation?

Answer 36

TV x breaths/minute

Question 37

Define alveolar ventilation rate

Answer 37

amount of air that reaches the alveoli and is available for gas exchange

Question 38

What is the equation for alveolar ventilation rate

Answer 38

(TV-150)x breaths per minute

Question 39

List three ways C02 is transported to the lungs?

Answer 39

plasma, carbonic acid and attached to hemoglobin

Question 40

How is most CO2 transported in the blood?

Answer 40

via carbonic acid

Question 41

If plasma concentrations of CO2 are too high, what will CO2 combine with and what will it form?

Answer 41

Combines with water to form carbonic acid

Question 42

Carbonic acid ionizes to release...

Answer 42

hydrogen and bicarbonate

Question 43

Where is breathing controlled?

Answer 43

medulla oblongata- medulla rhythmicity area

Question 44

Where is the pneumotaxic center located

Answer 44

in the pons

Question 45

What does the pneumotaxic center do?

Answer 45

limits inspiration to prevent hypexpansion

Question 46

alveoli-

Answer 46

small cavity

Question 47

carcin-

Answer 47

spreading sore

Question 48

cric-

Answer 48

ring

Question 49

hem-

Answer 49

blood

Question 50

phren-

Answer 50

mind, diaphragm

Question 51

bronch-

Answer 51

windpipe

Question 52

carin-

Answer 52

keel-like

Question 53

epi-

Answer 53

upon

Question 54

inhal-

Answer 54

to breathe in

Question 55

tuber-

Answer 55

swelling