Chapter 2.3 (page 29) Flashcards
The pituitary gland is located in the ___________________.
Sella Turcica of the Sphenoid Bone
The Pituitary gland has two lobes. Name at least 6 hormones secreted by the Pituitary Gland and identify which lobe secretes them.
Anterior Lobe
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Prolactin (PRL)
Posterior Lobe
- Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)
- Oxytocin
This hormone is responsible for stimulating breast development during pregnancy and milk secretion after pregnancy.
Prolactin (PRL)
This is responsible for uterine contraction at the end of pregnancy and also for the stimulation of the release of milk into breast ducts.
Oxytocin
This targets the kidneys and timulates the retention of water.
Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)
This Stimulates the adrenal cortex to increase in size and to secrete larger amounts of its hormones, especially cortisol.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
In females, this hormone stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and estrogen production. In males, it stimulates sperm production.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
This hormone mobilizes food molecules which causes an increase in blood glucose concentrations for development of the musculoskeletal system.
Growth Hormone (GH)
The neural connection (tracts) of the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus run through the _____________.
Pituitary Stalk
The _______________ produce the hormones insulin and glucagon.
Pancreatic Islets
(Islets of Langerhans)
This gland of the digestive tract contain both exocrine and endocrine qualities.
Pancreas
Melatonin, a hormone responsible for the body’s internal clock, is produced by the _____________ which is also called the ___________ .
Pineal Gland
The third eye
Why is the pineal gland termed as “ the third eye “?
Because its function involves the amount of light that enters the eye.
These glands are involved in the calcium level in the blood, and they secrete a hormone which stimulates bone resorption. What are these glands called? And what is the hormone?
Parathyroid Glands
Parathyroid Hormone
The thyroid is essential in the balance of _____________, as it is responsible for the production of the hormone, calcitonin.
Blood calcium
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the anterior neck on the trachea just inferior to the ______.
Larynx
TRUE or FALSE
It is the largest pure endocrine gland in the body.
TRUE.
The thyroid gland produces two thyroid hormones called: _________ and ________________;
and a hormone called __________.
Thyroxine
**Triiodothyronine **
Calcitonin
___ and ___ hormones are responsible in stimultaing cellular metabolism for the majority of the cells of the body.
**T3 **
T4
This hormone is responsible for the development of the body’s immune system.
Thymosins
_________: Other than its main function during pregnancy (sustainance of the fetus), this is also a temporary endocrine gland.
Placenta
Give the 3 hormones that is produced by the placenta.
Estrogen
Progesterone
Chorionic Gonadotropins
Glucagon mainly targets the _______ to stimulate the breakdown of glycogen to glucose to increase blood sugar levels.
Liver
Glucagon and insulin are prompted by what kind of stimuli? (Note: 3 major types of stimuli)
Humoral Stimuli
_______ promotes glucose entry into all cells causing a decrease
in blood glucose levels.
Insulin
_________ prepares the body to meet the conditions for pregnancy, whereas _______ promotes the body into puberty and maintains female sex traits.
Progesterone
Estrogen
The __________________ secrete the male sex hormones, which is primarily ____________.
Interstitial cells of the Testes
Testosterone
The female primary sex glands are the ___________.
Ovaries
The outside layer of the Adrenal glands is called the ________, and the inner part is referred to as the _________.
Cortex
Medulla
The adrenal cortex produces 3 different hormones collectively called ____________.
Corticoids
__________ is a hormone secreted by the outmost layer of the Adrenal Cortex. It targets the kidney to help regulate electrolyte levels.
Aldosterone
(A type of Mineralocorticoid)
__________ contribute to the onset of puberty in boys and girls. This hormone is a type of gonadocorticoid produced in the _______ layer of the adrenal cortex.
Androgens
Inner
This is the condition where the pancreatic islets secrete very little amounts of insulin leading to the condition (upto 3x the amount of blood glucose levels).
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
(Insulin Dependent)
This condition results from an abnormality of the insulin receptors, which prevents the normal effect of insulin on its target cells thus raising blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(Non-insulin dependent)
Adrenal glands produce hormone for a variety of functions. Give at least 3.
- The stress response ‘fight or flight’
- Electrolyte and fluid balance
- Gluconeogenesis
- Anti-inflammation
- Anti-immunity
- Production of small amounts of sex hormones
The adrenal medulla produces 2 hormones essential to the ‘fight or flight’ response.
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
This hormone targets a variety of tissue causing anti-inflammatory and anti-immunity effects as well as increase calcium level in the blood.
Cortisol
________________ are hormones that help maintain normal blood glucose levels via the process ______________.
Glucocorticoids
Gluconeogenesis
