Chapter 23/24 definitions

Question 1

Oxidation

Answer 1

Loss of electrons/ an increase in oxidation number.

Question 2

Reduction

Answer 2

Gain of electrons/ a decrease in oxidation number.

Question 3

Redox reaction

Answer 3

A reaction where oxidation and reduction occur.

Question 4

Reducing agent

Answer 4

A reagent that reduces another species.

Question 5

Oxidising agent

Answer 5

A reagent that oxidises another species.

Question 6

Standard electrode potential

Answer 6

the e.m.f of a half cell compared with a standard hydrogen half-cell- measure at 298K, with solution concentrations of 1moldm^-3 and a gas pressure of 100KPa.

Question 7

Transition element

Answer 7

a d-block element that forms an ion with an incomplete d-subshell.

Question 8

Complex ion

Answer 8

a transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds.

Question 9

ligand

Answer 9

a molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons with the transition metal ion to form a coordinate bond.

Question 10

The coordination number

Answer 10

the total number of coordinate bonds/ dative bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands

Question 11

Stereoisomers

Answer 11

a species with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space.

Question 12

Optical Isomers/ enantiomers

Answer 12

non-superimposable mirror images of each other

Question 13

Precipitation reaction

Answer 13

occurs when two aqueous solutions containing ions react together to form an insoluble ionic solid called a precipitate.