Chapter 11- Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon.
What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon.
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched (straight) or branched chains or non-aromatic rings.
What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon.
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures, with or without branches.
What is an aromatic hydrocarbon.
Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring.
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
Single bonds only.
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
Contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds.
What is a homologous series?
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2- group.
What is a functional group?
The part of an organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties.
Describe each of the following aliphatic hydrocarbons…
alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
alkanes- containing single carbon to carbon bonds
alkenes- containing at least one double carbon to carbon bond
alkynes- containing at least one triple carbon to carbon bond
Describe how to name aliphatic alkanes.
- have the suffix -ane
- identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
- identify the side chains known as alkyl groups
- add numbers before any alkyl groups to show the position of the group
How to name alicylic alkanes.
Same rules apply as when naming alicylic alkanes…
- have the suffix -ane
- identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
- identify the side chains known as alkyl groups
- add numbers before any alkyl groups to show the position of the group
Then add the prefix cyclo- e.g. cyclopentane
How to name alkenes.
- have the suffix -ene
- identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
- identify the side chains known as alkyl groups
- add numbers before any alkyl groups to show the position of the group
- the position of the C=C bond in the chain must be stated using numbers before the suffix
Name the prefix/suffix associated with the following types of compounds…
- alkene
- alcohol
- haloalkane
- aldehyde
- ketone
- carboxylic acid
- alkene
suffix: -ene - alcohol
prefix: hydroxy-
suffix: -ol - haloalkane
prefix: chloro-, bromo-, iodo- - aldehyde
suffix: -al - ketone
suffix: -one - carboxylic acid
suffix: -oic acid
Side chains are named in what order?
alphabetical
What is the molecular formula?
Shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule.
It does not show how atoms are joined together.
