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Anatomy Exam #3 > Chapter 22: The Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 22: The Heart Flashcards

0
Q

what makes up the systemic circulation?

A
  1. Left atrium
  2. Left ventricle
  3. Aorta to systemic arteries
  4. systemic veins
  5. capillaries
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1
Q

what makes up the pulmonary circulation?

A
  1. Pulmonary veins
  2. Pulmonary arteries
  3. Right atrium
  4. Right ventricle
  5. Capillaries
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2
Q

what does the right side of the heart do?

A
  1. receives blood from body

2. pumps blood out to lungs

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3
Q

what does the left side of the heart do?

A
  1. receives blood from lungs

2. pumps blood out to the body

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4
Q

where does the heart sit in the body?

A

mediastinum

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5
Q

what is the heart surrounded by?

A

pericardial sac (pericardium)

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6
Q

what is the pericardium?

A

it is a fluid filled sac for protection and anti-friction of the heart

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7
Q

what is inflammation of the pericardium called?

A

Pericarditis

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8
Q

what are the two layers of the pericardium?

A

parietal and visceral layer separated by the pericardial cavity

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9
Q

how many chambers does the heart have? and what r they?

A 
4
Right atrium 
Right ventricle 
Left atrium 
Left ventricle
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10
Q

What separates the two ventricles?

A

inter-ventricular septum

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11
Q

what are the significant differences between the two ventricles?

A

right ventricle : crest shaped less muscle

left ventricle : circular and has more muscle

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12
Q

why would the left ventricle have more muscle?

A

it has to be stronger to pump blood throughout the whole body

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13
Q

how many valves does the heart have and what are they?

A 
4
pulmonary semilunar valve
right atrioventricular valve
left atrioventricular valve 
arotic semilunar valve
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14
Q

what is another name for the right atrioventricular valve?

A

tricuspid

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15
Q

what is another name for the left atrioventricular valve?

A

bicuspid or mitral

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16
Q

what are the strings called that connect the Tricuspid and Mitral valves to the heart wall?

A

chordae tendineae

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17
Q

what is the muscle inside the heart that is connected to the tricuspid and mitral valves?

A

papillary muscle

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18
Q

where does the Aorta send blood?

A

to all parts of the body

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19
Q

blood from the head, arms and everything above goes to what vessel?

A

Superior Vena Cava

20
Q

blood goes to the lungs through what passage way?

A

left and right pulmonary arteries

21
Q

blood from the lower portion of the body goes back to the heart through what passage way?

A

Inferior vena cava

22
Q

arteries carry blood __ from the heart while veins carry blood __ the heart

A

Away

to

23
Q

what is the order of blood passing through the heart starting at systemic capillaries

A
  1. systemic capillaries
  2. superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
  3. right atrium
  4. right ventricle
  5. pulmonary trunk
  6. lungs(pulmonary capillaries)
  7. four pulmonary veins
    8 left atrium
  8. left ventricle
  9. aorta
  10. to the body where gas exchange occures bt systemic capillaries
24
Q

what causes the heart sounds?

A

the closing of valves

25
Q

what is the order of valves opening and closing starting at the base of a graph?

A
  1. AV valve close
  2. semilunar vales open
  3. semilunar vales close
  4. AV vales open
26
Q

what causes the “lubb” “dupp” sounds in heart

A

Lubb : AV valves close

dupp: semilunar valves closing

27
Q

what provides blood to heart muscle?

A

coronary arteries

28
Q

what are the 6 arteries of the coronary vessels?

A
  1. right coronary artery
  2. left coronary artery
  3. circumflex artery
  4. anterior inter-ventricular artery
  5. posterior left ventricular artery
  6. posterior inter-ventricular artery
29
Q

where do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

the aorta

30
Q

what does the coronary sinus do?

A

carries blood back from the heart to the right atrium

31
Q

what does the great cardiac vein do?

A

dumps blood into coronary sinus

32
Q

what does the Anterior cardiac veins do?

A

grabs used blood from the RV

33
Q

what shows coronary circulation of the blood through the arteries?

A

Angiogram

34
Q

what is another word for heart attack?

A

Myocardial infarction

35
Q

what does the word “infarction” mean?

A

dead/ dying tissue(usually due to blood loss)

36
Q

what area of the heart are you more likely to have a heart attack?

A

left ventricle

37
Q

what procedure is used to pass over a blocked coronary artery of damages part of your heart?

A

Coronary Artery bypass graft (CABG)

38
Q

where does electrical activity begin in the heart?

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

39
Q

where is the SA node?

A

right atrium

40
Q

what is connected t the SA node by internodal pathways?

A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

41
Q

what runs from the AV node down the inter-ventricular septum?

A

AV bundle (bundle of his)

42
Q

what branches from the AV bundle (bundle of his)?

A

bundle branches

43
Q

what branches off of the bundle branches?

A

purkinje fibers

44
Q

what are the 6 veins of the coronary vessels?

A
  1. great cardiac vein
  2. coronary sinus
  3. posterior vein of left ventricle
  4. middle cardiac vein
  5. small cardiac vein
  6. anterior cardiac veins
45
Q

atrial depolarization happens how long after SA node sends signal?

A

50 msec

46
Q

what the the elapsed time when ventricular depolarization occurs?

A

225 msec

47
Q

what is the stepwise progression of electrical impulse in the heart?

A
  1. SA node and atrial activation begins
  2. atrial depolarization - stimulus spreads across the atrial surfaces and reaches the AV node
  3. there is a 100msec delay at the AV node. Atrial contraction begins
  4. impulse travels along interventricular septum all the ay to the purkinje fibers
  5. ventricular depolarization (impulse distributed by purkinje fibers. atrial contraction is complete and ventricular contraction begins)

Anatomy Exam #3 (4 decks)

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