Chapter 22 Review sheet Flashcards
What are the three functions of the lymphatic system
- Defense- immunity
- Fluid balance within tissue
- Fat absorption from Digestive tract
What drains lymph from the entire lower half of the body and on the left side above the diaphragm
thoracic duct
What drains lymph from the right side of the body above the diaphragm
Right lymphatic duct
Filters blood to remove pathogens and/ or abnormal cells
storage of iron recycled from RBCs
Initiation of immune response by B cells and T cells in response to antigens circulating in blood.
spleen
are enclosed in connective tissue capsule and generally found in clusters
lymph nodes
located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen
spleen
secretes thymosin necessary for T cell maturation
thymus
mucosa associated lymphoid tissue found deep to the epithelium of other organs
MALT
part of the MALT, large lymphoid nodule in the wall of pharynx
Tonsil
Densely packed lymphocytes within areolar connective tissue
lymphoid nodule
located in the mediastinum
thymus
major clusters are: cervical, axillary, lumbar, and inguinal
lymph nodes
contains red pulp and white pulp
spleen
filters lymph to remove pathogens
lymph nodes
CT covering separates node from surrounding tissues
capsule
contains B cells within germinal centers
outer cortex
contains T cells
deep cortex
contains macrophages and dendritic cells
subcapsular space
where lymph enters
Afferent lymphatic vessel
where lymph exits
efferent lymphatic vessel
contains B cells and plasma cells organized in medullary cords
Medulla
what order does lymph flow through the node (1. afferent lymphatic vessel)
ASODME
- Afferent lymphatic vessel
- Subcapsular space
- outer cortex
- deep cortex
- medulla
- efferent lymphatic vessel
immunity develops because natural exposure to antigens
naturally acquired active immunity
mom’s antibodies given through breast milk
naturally acquired passive immunity
present at birth
innate immunity
immunity develops because of deliberate exposure to antigens
induced active immunity
antibodies are administered to fight an infection or prevent disease
induced passive immunity
engulfs pathogens and cellular debris
phagocytes
chemical messengers that coordinate defenses against viral infections
interferons
localized tissue-level response that tends to limit the spread of an injury or infections
inflammatory response
is an elevation of body temperature that speeds up tissue metabolism and the activity of defenses
fever
keeps. hazardous organisms and materials outside the body
physical barrier
destruction of abnormal cells by natural killer cell in peripheral tissue
immunological Surveillance
system of circulating proteins that assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens
complement system
Every year mark gets the flu shot which reduces his chances of becoming ill after exposure. What kind of immunity is this.
Induced active immunity because he is deliberately being exposed to the antigen
rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen and makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human. What type of immunity is this
induced passive immunity. you are giving antibodies
produce and secrete antibodies
plasma cells
attack body cells infected with antigen
CD8* T cells
otherwise known as helper T cells only found at antigen presenting cells&other stimulate the response of both T&B cells
CD4* T cells
attack abnormal cells such as cancer cells
NK cells
effective against antigens and/or pathogens present in body fluids
B cells
otherwise known as cytotoxic T cells
CD8* T cells
Respond to antigen presented on an antigen-presenting cell
CD4* cells
Respond to antigen they have already encountered
memory T cells
Moderate the immune response
Regulatory T cells
Only bind to antigen presented on MHC class I molecules
CD8* T cells
Require an antigen presenting cell
CD4* T cell
Is a type of antigen presenting cell
B cell
only binds to antigen presented on MHC class II molecules
CD4* T cell
release perforin, cytokines, and lymphotoxin to kill infected body cell
CD8* T cell
must be activated by a Helper T cell
B cell
what are the five different types of antibodies
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
where is the antigen binding site found
in the variable region
the region of the antibody confers specificity for antigen binding
variable
what region determines how the antibody is distributed in body fluids
constant
what chain has low molecular weight
light
what chain has high molecular weight
high
which response is much quicker rise in antibody titers
secondary
higher antibody titers
secondary
much slower rise in antibody titers
primary
depends on memory B cells
secondary
sees and initial peak in IgM antibodies before IgG antibodies
Primary
Involves a sudden increase in both IgG and igM antibodies
Secondary
Which occurs after the first exposure to an antigen
primary
when occurs after a second or subsequent exposure to an antigen
secondary
what is the basis for vaccines
secondary
interstitial fluid; similar to plasma but contains less plasma
lymph
provide defense against infections and other environmental hazards
lymphocytes
the pressure exerted by a liquid in response to an applied force. What contributes to this pressure?
hydrostatic pressure
Blood pressure
the pressure required to stop the flow of water by osmosis. Indication of the force with which water moves into a solution because of its solute concentration. What contributes to this pressure?
Osmotic pressure
plasma proteins
where is hydrostatic pressure then osmotic
arterial side
where the lymphatic networks begin
lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic capillaries in the sm. intestine- important for transport of absorbed lipids
lacteals
major lymph collecting vessels
superficial and deep
located in the subcutaneous layers deep to the skin
superficial
drains muscles, joints, viscera, and other deep structures
deep
Base: cisterna chyli- receives lymph from lower parts of the body and empties into the left subclavian vein.
thoracic duct
delivers lymph from right side of body above the diaphragm and empties into the right subclavian vein
right lymphatic duct
location of lymph nodes
cervical: head&neck
Axillary: breast, axilla, upper arm
Lumbar: abdominal organs
Inguinal: pelvis and lower leg
develops after birth
Adaptive
innate defenses
physical barriers
phagocytes
immunological surveillance
interferons
complement system
inflammatory response
fever
what are the 4 properties of immunity
specificity
versatility
memory
tolerance
a specific defense is activated by a specific antigen.
specificity
the immune system consists of a large diverse population of lymphocytes
versatility
the immune system has specific cells called memory cells
memory
the immune system does not respond to all antigens
tolerance n
can T cells directly interact with antigens. Why
no. T cells must have antigen presented to them on MHC molecule
what do B cells divide into
plasma cells and memory cells
lymphatic tissue
MALT: cluster of lymphocytes have germinal centers, screen food, drinks, air, urin for pathogens, deep to mucosa of digestive respiratory, urinary & reproductive system.
Tonsils:
Part of malt, located in walls of pharynx, lymphoid nodule, screen food and air for pathogens
Lymphatic organs
Lymph node
