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A&P 2 > Chapter 22 Review sheet > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Review sheet Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three functions of the lymphatic system

A
  1. Defense- immunity
  2. Fluid balance within tissue
  3. Fat absorption from Digestive tract
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1
Q

What drains lymph from the entire lower half of the body and on the left side above the diaphragm

A

thoracic duct

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2
Q

What drains lymph from the right side of the body above the diaphragm

A

Right lymphatic duct

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3
Q

Filters blood to remove pathogens and/ or abnormal cells
storage of iron recycled from RBCs
Initiation of immune response by B cells and T cells in response to antigens circulating in blood.

A

spleen

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4
Q

are enclosed in connective tissue capsule and generally found in clusters

A

lymph nodes

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5
Q

located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen

A

spleen

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6
Q

secretes thymosin necessary for T cell maturation

A

thymus

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7
Q

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue found deep to the epithelium of other organs

A

MALT

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8
Q

part of the MALT, large lymphoid nodule in the wall of pharynx

A

Tonsil

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9
Q

Densely packed lymphocytes within areolar connective tissue

A

lymphoid nodule

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10
Q

located in the mediastinum

A

thymus

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11
Q

major clusters are: cervical, axillary, lumbar, and inguinal

A

lymph nodes

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12
Q

contains red pulp and white pulp

A

spleen

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13
Q

filters lymph to remove pathogens

A

lymph nodes

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14
Q

CT covering separates node from surrounding tissues

A

capsule

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15
Q

contains B cells within germinal centers

A

outer cortex

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16
Q

contains T cells

A

deep cortex

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17
Q

contains macrophages and dendritic cells

A

subcapsular space

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18
Q

where lymph enters

A

Afferent lymphatic vessel

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19
Q

where lymph exits

A

efferent lymphatic vessel

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20
Q

contains B cells and plasma cells organized in medullary cords

A

Medulla

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21
Q

what order does lymph flow through the node (1. afferent lymphatic vessel)
ASODME

A
  1. Afferent lymphatic vessel
  2. Subcapsular space
  3. outer cortex
  4. deep cortex
  5. medulla
  6. efferent lymphatic vessel
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22
Q

immunity develops because natural exposure to antigens

A

naturally acquired active immunity

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23
Q

mom’s antibodies given through breast milk

A

naturally acquired passive immunity

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24
present at birth
innate immunity
25
immunity develops because of deliberate exposure to antigens
induced active immunity
26
antibodies are administered to fight an infection or prevent disease
induced passive immunity
27
engulfs pathogens and cellular debris
phagocytes
28
chemical messengers that coordinate defenses against viral infections
interferons
29
localized tissue-level response that tends to limit the spread of an injury or infections
inflammatory response
30
is an elevation of body temperature that speeds up tissue metabolism and the activity of defenses
fever
31
keeps. hazardous organisms and materials outside the body
physical barrier
32
destruction of abnormal cells by natural killer cell in peripheral tissue
immunological Surveillance
33
system of circulating proteins that assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens
complement system
34
Every year mark gets the flu shot which reduces his chances of becoming ill after exposure. What kind of immunity is this.
Induced active immunity because he is deliberately being exposed to the antigen
35
rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen and makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human. What type of immunity is this
induced passive immunity. you are giving antibodies
36
produce and secrete antibodies
plasma cells
37
attack body cells infected with antigen
CD8* T cells
38
otherwise known as helper T cells only found at antigen presenting cells&other stimulate the response of both T&B cells
CD4* T cells
39
attack abnormal cells such as cancer cells
NK cells
40
effective against antigens and/or pathogens present in body fluids
B cells
41
otherwise known as cytotoxic T cells
CD8* T cells
42
Respond to antigen presented on an antigen-presenting cell
CD4* cells
43
Respond to antigen they have already encountered
memory T cells
44
Moderate the immune response
Regulatory T cells
45
Only bind to antigen presented on MHC class I molecules
CD8* T cells
46
Require an antigen presenting cell
CD4* T cell
47
Is a type of antigen presenting cell
B cell
48
only binds to antigen presented on MHC class II molecules
CD4* T cell
49
release perforin, cytokines, and lymphotoxin to kill infected body cell
CD8* T cell
50
must be activated by a Helper T cell
B cell
51
what are the five different types of antibodies
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
52
where is the antigen binding site found
in the variable region
53
the region of the antibody confers specificity for antigen binding
variable
54
what region determines how the antibody is distributed in body fluids
constant
55
what chain has low molecular weight
light
56
what chain has high molecular weight
high
57
which response is much quicker rise in antibody titers
secondary
58
higher antibody titers
secondary
59
much slower rise in antibody titers
primary
60
depends on memory B cells
secondary
61
sees and initial peak in IgM antibodies before IgG antibodies
Primary
62
Involves a sudden increase in both IgG and igM antibodies
Secondary
63
Which occurs after the first exposure to an antigen
primary
64
when occurs after a second or subsequent exposure to an antigen
secondary
65
what is the basis for vaccines
secondary
66
interstitial fluid; similar to plasma but contains less plasma
lymph
67
provide defense against infections and other environmental hazards
lymphocytes
68
the pressure exerted by a liquid in response to an applied force. What contributes to this pressure?
hydrostatic pressure Blood pressure
69
the pressure required to stop the flow of water by osmosis. Indication of the force with which water moves into a solution because of its solute concentration. What contributes to this pressure?
Osmotic pressure plasma proteins
70
where is hydrostatic pressure then osmotic
arterial side
71
where the lymphatic networks begin
lymphatic capillaries
72
lymphatic capillaries in the sm. intestine- important for transport of absorbed lipids
lacteals
73
major lymph collecting vessels
superficial and deep
74
located in the subcutaneous layers deep to the skin
superficial
75
drains muscles, joints, viscera, and other deep structures
deep
76
Base: cisterna chyli- receives lymph from lower parts of the body and empties into the left subclavian vein.
thoracic duct
77
delivers lymph from right side of body above the diaphragm and empties into the right subclavian vein
right lymphatic duct
78
location of lymph nodes
cervical: head&neck Axillary: breast, axilla, upper arm Lumbar: abdominal organs Inguinal: pelvis and lower leg
79
develops after birth
Adaptive
80
innate defenses
physical barriers phagocytes immunological surveillance interferons complement system inflammatory response fever
81
what are the 4 properties of immunity
specificity versatility memory tolerance
82
a specific defense is activated by a specific antigen.
specificity
83
the immune system consists of a large diverse population of lymphocytes
versatility
84
the immune system has specific cells called memory cells
memory
85
the immune system does not respond to all antigens
tolerance n
86
can T cells directly interact with antigens. Why
no. T cells must have antigen presented to them on MHC molecule
87
what do B cells divide into
plasma cells and memory cells
88
lymphatic tissue
MALT: cluster of lymphocytes have germinal centers, screen food, drinks, air, urin for pathogens, deep to mucosa of digestive respiratory, urinary & reproductive system. Tonsils: Part of malt, located in walls of pharynx, lymphoid nodule, screen food and air for pathogens
89
Lymphatic organs
Lymph node

A&P 2 (2 decks)

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