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A&P 2 > Chapter 22 Review sheet > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Review sheet Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the lymphatic system

A
  1. Defense- immunity
  2. Fluid balance within tissue
  3. Fat absorption from Digestive tract
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1
Q

What drains lymph from the entire lower half of the body and on the left side above the diaphragm

A

thoracic duct

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2
Q

What drains lymph from the right side of the body above the diaphragm

A

Right lymphatic duct

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3
Q

Filters blood to remove pathogens and/ or abnormal cells
storage of iron recycled from RBCs
Initiation of immune response by B cells and T cells in response to antigens circulating in blood.

A

spleen

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4
Q

are enclosed in connective tissue capsule and generally found in clusters

A

lymph nodes

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5
Q

located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen

A

spleen

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6
Q

secretes thymosin necessary for T cell maturation

A

thymus

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7
Q

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue found deep to the epithelium of other organs

A

MALT

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8
Q

part of the MALT, large lymphoid nodule in the wall of pharynx

A

Tonsil

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9
Q

Densely packed lymphocytes within areolar connective tissue

A

lymphoid nodule

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10
Q

located in the mediastinum

A

thymus

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11
Q

major clusters are: cervical, axillary, lumbar, and inguinal

A

lymph nodes

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12
Q

contains red pulp and white pulp

A

spleen

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13
Q

filters lymph to remove pathogens

A

lymph nodes

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14
Q

CT covering separates node from surrounding tissues

A

capsule

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15
Q

contains B cells within germinal centers

A

outer cortex

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16
Q

contains T cells

A

deep cortex

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17
Q

contains macrophages and dendritic cells

A

subcapsular space

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18
Q

where lymph enters

A

Afferent lymphatic vessel

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19
Q

where lymph exits

A

efferent lymphatic vessel

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20
Q

contains B cells and plasma cells organized in medullary cords

A

Medulla

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21
Q

what order does lymph flow through the node (1. afferent lymphatic vessel)
ASODME

A
  1. Afferent lymphatic vessel
  2. Subcapsular space
  3. outer cortex
  4. deep cortex
  5. medulla
  6. efferent lymphatic vessel
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22
Q

immunity develops because natural exposure to antigens

A

naturally acquired active immunity

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23
Q

mom’s antibodies given through breast milk

A

naturally acquired passive immunity

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24
Q

present at birth

A

innate immunity

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25
Q

immunity develops because of deliberate exposure to antigens

A

induced active immunity

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26
Q

antibodies are administered to fight an infection or prevent disease

A

induced passive immunity

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27
Q

engulfs pathogens and cellular debris

A

phagocytes

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28
Q

chemical messengers that coordinate defenses against viral infections

A

interferons

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29
Q

localized tissue-level response that tends to limit the spread of an injury or infections

A

inflammatory response

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30
Q

is an elevation of body temperature that speeds up tissue metabolism and the activity of defenses

A

fever

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31
Q

keeps. hazardous organisms and materials outside the body

A

physical barrier

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32
Q

destruction of abnormal cells by natural killer cell in peripheral tissue

A

immunological Surveillance

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33
Q

system of circulating proteins that assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens

A

complement system

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34
Q

Every year mark gets the flu shot which reduces his chances of becoming ill after exposure. What kind of immunity is this.

A

Induced active immunity because he is deliberately being exposed to the antigen

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35
Q

rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen and makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human. What type of immunity is this

A

induced passive immunity. you are giving antibodies

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36
Q

produce and secrete antibodies

A

plasma cells

37
Q

attack body cells infected with antigen

A

CD8* T cells

38
Q

otherwise known as helper T cells only found at antigen presenting cells&other stimulate the response of both T&B cells

A

CD4* T cells

39
Q

attack abnormal cells such as cancer cells

A

NK cells

40
Q

effective against antigens and/or pathogens present in body fluids

A

B cells

41
Q

otherwise known as cytotoxic T cells

A

CD8* T cells

42
Q

Respond to antigen presented on an antigen-presenting cell

A

CD4* cells

43
Q

Respond to antigen they have already encountered

A

memory T cells

44
Q

Moderate the immune response

A

Regulatory T cells

45
Q

Only bind to antigen presented on MHC class I molecules

A

CD8* T cells

46
Q

Require an antigen presenting cell

A

CD4* T cell

47
Q

Is a type of antigen presenting cell

A

B cell

48
Q

only binds to antigen presented on MHC class II molecules

A

CD4* T cell

49
Q

release perforin, cytokines, and lymphotoxin to kill infected body cell

A

CD8* T cell

50
Q

must be activated by a Helper T cell

A

B cell

51
Q

what are the five different types of antibodies

A

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE

52
Q

where is the antigen binding site found

A

in the variable region

53
Q

the region of the antibody confers specificity for antigen binding

A

variable

54
Q

what region determines how the antibody is distributed in body fluids

A

constant

55
Q

what chain has low molecular weight

A

light

56
Q

what chain has high molecular weight

A

high

57
Q

which response is much quicker rise in antibody titers

A

secondary

58
Q

higher antibody titers

A

secondary

59
Q

much slower rise in antibody titers

A

primary

60
Q

depends on memory B cells

A

secondary

61
Q

sees and initial peak in IgM antibodies before IgG antibodies

A

Primary

62
Q

Involves a sudden increase in both IgG and igM antibodies

A

Secondary

63
Q

Which occurs after the first exposure to an antigen

A

primary

64
Q

when occurs after a second or subsequent exposure to an antigen

A

secondary

65
Q

what is the basis for vaccines

A

secondary

66
Q

interstitial fluid; similar to plasma but contains less plasma

A

lymph

67
Q

provide defense against infections and other environmental hazards

A

lymphocytes

68
Q

the pressure exerted by a liquid in response to an applied force. What contributes to this pressure?

A

hydrostatic pressure
Blood pressure

69
Q

the pressure required to stop the flow of water by osmosis. Indication of the force with which water moves into a solution because of its solute concentration. What contributes to this pressure?

A

Osmotic pressure
plasma proteins

70
Q

where is hydrostatic pressure then osmotic

A

arterial side

71
Q

where the lymphatic networks begin

A

lymphatic capillaries

72
Q

lymphatic capillaries in the sm. intestine- important for transport of absorbed lipids

A

lacteals

73
Q

major lymph collecting vessels

A

superficial and deep

74
Q

located in the subcutaneous layers deep to the skin

A

superficial

75
Q

drains muscles, joints, viscera, and other deep structures

A

deep

76
Q

Base: cisterna chyli- receives lymph from lower parts of the body and empties into the left subclavian vein.

A

thoracic duct

77
Q

delivers lymph from right side of body above the diaphragm and empties into the right subclavian vein

A

right lymphatic duct

78
Q

location of lymph nodes

A

cervical: head&neck
Axillary: breast, axilla, upper arm
Lumbar: abdominal organs
Inguinal: pelvis and lower leg

79
Q

develops after birth

A

Adaptive

80
Q

innate defenses

A

physical barriers
phagocytes
immunological surveillance
interferons
complement system
inflammatory response
fever

81
Q

what are the 4 properties of immunity

A

specificity
versatility
memory
tolerance

82
Q

a specific defense is activated by a specific antigen.

A

specificity

83
Q

the immune system consists of a large diverse population of lymphocytes

A

versatility

84
Q

the immune system has specific cells called memory cells

A

memory

85
Q

the immune system does not respond to all antigens

A

tolerance n

86
Q

can T cells directly interact with antigens. Why

A

no. T cells must have antigen presented to them on MHC molecule

87
Q

what do B cells divide into

A

plasma cells and memory cells

88
Q

lymphatic tissue

A

MALT: cluster of lymphocytes have germinal centers, screen food, drinks, air, urin for pathogens, deep to mucosa of digestive respiratory, urinary & reproductive system.

Tonsils:
Part of malt, located in walls of pharynx, lymphoid nodule, screen food and air for pathogens

89
Q

Lymphatic organs

A

Lymph node

A&P 2 (2 decks)

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