Chapter 22: Review Qs & Evolve

Question 1

1. Which type of drug used for nausea and/or vomiting causes food to move more quickly through the GI tract?

A. Phenothiazines B. Anticholinergics C. 5HT3-receptor antagonists D. Dopamine antagonists

Answer 1

D

Question 2

2. Which antiemetic drugs can cause patients to experience decreased sweating, increasing the risk of body overheating?

A. Cyclizine (Marezine) B. Prochlorperazine (Compazine) C. Meclizine (Antivert) D. Ondansetron (Zofran)

Answer 2

B

Question 3

3. For which side effect must you notify the prescriber when a patient is taking metoclopramide (Reglan)?

A. Depression B. Heartburn C. Anxiety D. Constipation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

4. Which drug prescribed to relieve constipation is a lubricant?

A. Magnesium hydroxide B. Milk of Magnesia C. Glycerin suppository D. Bisacodyl

Answer 4

C

Question 5

5. Which electrolyte abnormality must you monitor for when a patient is prescribed bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A. Hypernatremia B. Hypercalcemia C. Hypophosphatemia D. Hypokalemia

Answer 5

D

Question 6

6. Which drug when prescribed for diarrhea slows the movement of stool through the bowel?

A. Loperamide (Imodium) B. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) C. Calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon) D. Attapulgite (Kaopectate)

Answer 6

A

Question 7

7. Which drug should not be prescribed to small children because of increased risk for development of Reye’s syndrome?

A. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) B. Calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon) C. Attapulgite (Kaopectate) D. Loperamide (Imodium)

Answer 7

A

Question 8

8. Which action of promethazine (Phenergan) helps prevent nausea and vomiting?

A. Inhibiting the vomiting reflex pathways B. Helping food move more rapidly through the GI system C. Preventing cancer chemotherapy–induced vomiting D. Providing a protective coating to the stomach and esophagus

Answer 8

A

Question 9

9. Which actions should you take before giving an antinausea drug? (Select all that apply.)

A. Listen for active bowel sounds. B. Look for abdominal distention. C. Check the patient’s electrolyte values. D. Check the patient’s deep tendon reflexes. E. Ask about patient coagulation tests.

Answer 9

A B C F

Question 10

10. What do you teach a patient who is prescribed prochlorperazine (Compazine)?

A. Take this drug with food to prevent GI discomfort. B. A side effect of this drug is headaches, which can be relieved with acetaminophen (Tylenol). C. This drug can cause your urine to change color to pink or reddish-brown. D. The action of this drug is to cause food to move rapidly through the GI tract.

Answer 10

C

Question 11

11. A child taking chemotherapy drugs for cancer is prescribed metoclopramide for nausea and vomiting. For which side effects do you monitor?

A. Muscle spasms of the jaw B. Confusion C. Hypotension D. Depression

Answer 11

A

Question 12

13. What actions must you be sure to take before giving any drug for constipation? (Select all that apply.)

A. Listen for active bowel sounds. B. Check for abdominal distention. C. Ask the patient about previous bacterial infections. D. Prepare a full glass of fluid to give with oral drugs. E. Ask about the patient’s normal bowel habits.

Answer 12

A B D E

Question 13

14. After giving a drug for constipation, how many milliliters of fluid do you instruct the patient to drink every day?

A. 1200-1500 B. 1500-2000 C. 2000-2400 D. 2400-3000

Answer 13

B

Question 14

15. What is the dosage of a drug for constipation for a child between 6 and 12 years of age?

A. One quarter of the adult dose B. One half of the adult dose C. Three quarters of the adult dose D. The same as the adult dose

Answer 14

B

Question 15

A nurse gave a patient an antidiarrheal drug. After giving the drug, what sign of toxic megacolon is it important for the nurse to monitor the patient for?

Answer 15

Abdominal distention

Question 16

A nurse is monitoring a patient who has been taking metoclopramide (Reglan). What are the symptoms of the adverse effect neuroleptic malignant syndrome in patients who take this drug? (select all that apply)

Puckering movements of the lips
Elevated body temperature
Seizures
Muscle weakness
Diaphoresis

Answer 16

Elevated body temperature
Seizures
Diaphoresis

Question 17

A newly admitted patient has been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. What part of the GI system does the nurse tells the patient makes the difference between having diarrhea, a normal stool, and constipation?

Answer 17

Large bowel

Question 18

A patient with a history of depression has been prescribed an antiemetic. What drug should be avoided?

Answer 18

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

Metoclopramide (Reglan) is a dopamine antagonist and can cause mild-to-severe depression.

Question 19

A hospital patient was given a bulk-forming drug for constipation 24 hours ago and now reports that it has not worked. What is your best response?

Answer 19

“They take 12 hours to 3 days to be effective.”

The best response is to tell the patient that they may work in as soon as 12 hours but can take as long as 3 days to be effective. Bulk-forming drugs for constipation add bulk to the stool, which increases stool mass that stimulates peristalsis. This helps stool move through the bowel.

Question 20

The nurse is going to administer a patient a dose of promethazine (Phenergan) and is reviewing information about the drug. What is a serious adverse effect of this drug?

Answer 20

Tissue necrosis after undiluted intravenous (IV) administration

Question 21

A patient who is taking routine promethazine (Phenergan) reports that her tongue suddenly seems to “have a mind of its own.” What is your best response?

Answer 21

“Stop the medication and notify your prescriber immediately.”

Promethazine (Phenergan) and metoclopramide (Reglan) can cause tardive dyskinesia, a chronic disorder of the nervous system.

Question 22

Why must a patient taking bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) be taught to avoid taking aspirin?

Answer 22

The drug contains aspirin, and additional aspirin may cause tinnitus.

Question 23

The nurse is caring for a patient with diarrhea. What problems is a patient with diarrhea at risk for? (select all that apply)

Answer 23

Dehydration

Electrolyte imbalance

Question 24

A nurse is about to give a patient a drug for constipation. What information is most crucial for the nurse to remember?

Answer 24

Do not give to a patient with undiagnosed abdominal pain.

Question 25

A chemotherapy patient is complaining about having a lot of nausea/vomiting. What antiemetic would you expect to administer to this patient to manage the nausea/vomiting?

Answer 25

Ondansetron (Zofran)

Question 26

A patient complains about motion sickness. What antihistamine would you expect to be prescribed for this patient?

Answer 26

Meclizine (Dramamine)

Question 27

A patient reports that his bowel movements are not normal. What is your best response?

Answer 27

“Describe what you mean by ‘not normal.’”

Question 28

A pediatric nurse is caring for a child with diarrhea. Which antidiarrheal drug should be avoided in children?

Answer 28

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

Children should not be given bismuth subsalicylate because it contains an aspirin-like drug and may cause Reye’s syndrome. Children younger than 16 years should never be given bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol). Reye’s syndrome is a life-threatening condition that affects the liver and CNS and causes vomiting and confusion.