Chapter 22: Mobility and safety Flashcards
what is the most important ascot of physiological function?
mobility so we strive to maintain independence
what are risks that are affecting mobility?
falls and fractures
what are age related changes that affect mobility and safety? BONES
- increase bone resorption
- low calcium absorption
- increase PTH
- Impaired regulation of osteoblast activity (low bone formation so low bone mineral density)
- fewer functional marrow cells (poses risks for infections and cancer)
- IN WOMEN: decrease estrogen which can lead to osteoporosis (compared to like a sponge) ; IN MEN: decrease testosterone
what are age related changes that affect mobility and safety? MUSCLES
- decrease size and number of muscle fibres
- loss of motor neurons
- replacements of muscle tissue by connective tissue
- deterioration of muscle cell membranes
- diminished protein synthesis
- sacropenia** loss of muscle mass, strength and endurance ***KNOW
what are age related changes that affect mobility and safety? JOINTS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES
usually harmed by continued use and begin to show wear and tear during early adulthood
- diminished viscosity of the synovial fluid (trouble moving)
- degeneration of collagen and elastin cells
- fragmentation of fibrous structures in connective tissue
- outgrowth of cartilaginous clusters
- formation of scar tissue and calcification in joint capsules and connective tissue
-degerneration chnages in articular cartilage
what are age related changes that affect mobility and safety? NEURO
Age-related changes in central and peripheral nervous system may be primary mechanism involved in diminished muscle function
Maintenance of balance influenced by:
- Altered visual abilities, slower righting reflex, impaired proprioception(PERCEPTION OF LOCATION AND MOVEMENT), diminished vibratory and positioning sensations in lower extremities
Body sway- measure of motion of the body while standing
What is osteopenia and osteoporosis?
test done: bone densitometry
compares the standard deviation and use the T scores (the score furthest away from the standard deviation) the furthest away the abnormal the results compared to younger adults.
Scored according to standard deviations
1) T-score: between 1 and 2.5 diagnosis is osteopenia
2) Lower T-score is diagnosis of osteoporosis
what is silent disease? and why?
Osteoporosis
why? there are no obvious signs and symptoms until you randomly break a bone them whoops you got it
Is the following statement true or false?
Exercise programs to increase strength and endurance in the older adult population may help delay the onset of the age-related functional consequences of decreased strength and endurance.
TRUE
use it or lose it
Which statement about osteoporosis is true?
A. Primary osteoporosis occurs with pathologic problems.
B. Secondary osteoporosis occurs as a result of age-related changes.
C. Osteoporosis can cause serious negative functional consequences even in the absence of additional risk factors ***
D. Estrogen levels have a minimal impact on the development of osteoporosis.
what are the risk factors that affect overall muscoskeletal function?
1) lack of physical activity and nutritional deficit of vitamin D and calcium
2) Low protein
3) Low sources of Vitamin B12 and folic acid
what is something surprising to the risks of falls?
actually walking aids can cause falls LOL crazy right? lol and depression too LOL
Which statement related to risk factors for falls and the older adult is true?
A. Falls are most often the result of an isolated risk factor.
B. The risk of falling increases in proportion to the number of risk factors.***
C. Risk factors for falls do not vary according to the environment.
D. Functional abilities of the older adult are not considered a risk factor for falls
what is osteoarthiritis?
degenerative inflammatory disease affecting joints and attached muscles, tendons and ligaments
if a patient has osteoarthritis what will they complain about?
Characterized by pain, swelling and limited movement of joints
