Chapter 22: Evolution Flashcards
binomial system of naming species; grouped species into increasing general categories
Carolus Linnaeus
Aristotle; life forms arranged on a scale of increasing complexity
Scala naturale
Naming and classifying life-forms
taxonomy
2-part naming system (homo sapiens)
binomial nomenclature
developed palentology; proposed that the older the stratum, the more dissimilar its fossils to current life forms; catamorphism
Georges Cuvier
Cuvier; events in the past occurred suddenly and were caused by mechanisms different from those in the past.
Catamorphism
Earth’s geological features occurred from gradual mechanisms (mountains and valleys developed through erosion of soil)
James Hutton
Uniformitarianism; mechanisms of change are constant over time
Charles Lyell
Incorrect mechanisms for recognition of evolution; “use and disuse” and inheritance of acquired characteristics
Jean- Baptiste al Lamarck
Parts of the body that are used extensively become bigger and stronger; those that are deteriorate. (Giraffe neck becoming longer)
Use and Disuse
Organisms could pass on modifications to its offspring
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Voyage on this HMS Beagle; Finches @ Galapagos; Natural selection; Descent with Modification; “On the Origin of Species”
Charles Darwin
Individuals with certain characteristics leave more offspring than individuals with other characteristics
Natural selection
Characteristics that enhance organisms survival and reproduction
adaptations
selecting and breeding individuals that posses desired traits
Artificial Selection
_____ do NOT evolve, ____ evolve over time
Individuals; populations
The study of fossils
palentology
similarities resulting from common ancestry
homology
structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry
homologous structures
additional anatomical structures not present in adult organisms
embryonic homologies
remnants of features that served important function in organisms ancestors
vestigial organs
universal genetic code; dissimilar organisms share genes from distant common ancestor
molecular homologies
the independent evolution of similar features in different lineages
convergent evolution
characteristics that are similar because of convergent evolution, not homology
analogous structures
