Chapter 22-Domestic Policy Flashcards
IMMIGRATION REFORM AND CONTROL ACT OF 1986. This act tried to limit undocumented immigration by requiring employers to verify that potential employees were qualified to work in the United States.
IRCA
A PERSON FLEEING A COUNTRY TO ESCAPE PERSECUTION OR DANGER.
refugee
REFUGE OR HUMANITARIAN PROTECTION GIVEN BY A COUNTRY. This is one of the two programs that the United States offers to provide refuge or humanitarian protection. A asylum is a program for people who are already in the United States and their immediate relatives.
asylum
A DOCUMENT ISSUED BY THE GOVERNMENT THAT SHOWS A PERSON HAS PERMISSIONS TO LIVE AND WORK IN THE UNITED STATES. The goverment issues this to people who become legal permanent residents.
green card
A SPECIAL DOCUMENT, REQUIRED BY CERTAIN COUNTRIES, ISSUED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY THAT A PERSON WISHES TO ENTER.
visa
A PRESIDENTIAL ORDER THAT PARDONS A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE COMMITTED AN OFFENSE AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT.
amnesty
NUMERICAL LIMITS ON HOW MANY IMMIGRANTS ARE ALLOWED IN FROM EACH COUNTRY. In 1920s, the two laws that were passed set quotas, that were based on how many people from each country had already been here by a certain date.
quotas
A PROCESS BY WHICH A GROUP OF PEOPLE BECOME AMERICAN CITIZENS THROUGH AN ACT OF CONGRESS. Congress uses this process to grant citizenship to people who had been living in the territory that is now Texas.
collective naturalization
This oversees federal highways and their funding, applies federal safety standards to trucks and buses, and plans and researches highway construction and maintenance.
Federal Aid Highway Act
AKA HOUSING CHOICE VENDOR PROGRAM. Now the largest low-income housing program in the country. Lower income families receive vouchers from their local public housing agency and use them to rent homes or apartments from private landlords.
Section 8
GOVERNMENT-SUBSIDIZED HOUSING FOR LOW INCOME FAMILIES. The federal governmeent has given aid to local governments to construct and operate public housing for low-income families.
public housing projects
TWO MORTGAGE CORPORATIONS. privately owned companies, but they were protected by the federal government. They were exempt from state and local income taxes and regulated by HUD. There was an assumption that the U.S. government would bail them out of financial trouble. The two companies ended up facing bankruptcy crisis, which made the federal government take control in order not to lose billions of dollars. Congress had an issue with the way they were bailed out.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION. guarantees banks and other private lenders against losses on loans they make to those who want to build or buy homes.
FHA
A federal agency created to promote building and purchasing houses
HUD
SINGLE SET OF STANDARDS FOR ENGLISH/LANGUAGE ARTS AND MATH. As of 2013, 45 states and the District of Columbia had voluntarily adopted the standards.
Common Core State Standards
PASSED BY CONGRESS. Gave veterans of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War grants to attend college.
GI bills of rights
PASSED BY CONGRESS. This act granted the states more than 13 million acres of public acres of public land for the endowment of colleges to teach agriculture and the mechanical arts.
Morrill Act
NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND. This is a law had a goal to close the “achievement gap” between white and minority students, as well as between rich and poor. The NCLB set standards to help schools achieve these goals.
NCLB
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERE ADMINISTRATION. Has scientists monitoring wetlands.
NOAA
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION. Agencies that scientists can apply to to receive funding to conduct their research.
NSF
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL. A federal agency that focus on controlling the speed of infectious disease.
CDC
CHILDREN’S HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM. Provides coverage to about 8 million children whose families earn too much to receive Medicaid but still cannot afford private insurance.
CHIP
REQUIREMENT THAT EVERYONE BUY INSURANCE. In 2012, the Supreme Court ruled that individual mandate was constituional, but other parts of Medicaid expansion were not.
individual mandate
The four major components are expanding Medicaid, preventing insurance companies from denying coverage to sick people or charging them more than others, requiring all Americans to buy health insurance, and requiring large employers to provide health insurance to their employees.
Affordable Care Act of 2010
TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES. This was a new program to provide lump-sum payments to the states and gives states wide authority to design and operate their own welfare programs. The goal was to make this aid a temporary solution until permanent work and self-sufficiency were reestablished.
TANF
SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM. The purpose of this program was to increase the food-buying power of low-income families and to help dispose of America’s surplus agricultural production.
SNAP
SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME. This was set up by Congress in 1974, and brought all state programs for low-income persons who are elderly, blind, or disabled under federal control.
SSI
