Chapter 22 Content

Question 1

The component aims of waste management are:

Answer 1

a. to minimize the amount of waste we generate,
b. to recover waste materials and recycle them, and
c. to dispose of waste safely and effectively

Question 2

ways to reduce the amount of waste that enters the waste stream

Answer 2

a. Minimizing waste at its source
b. Manufacturers can use materials more efficiently.
c. Consumers can buy fewer goods, buy goods with less packaging, and use goods longer.
d. Recovery: includes both recycling and composting.

Question 3

drawbacks to landfills

Answer 3

1. many experts believe that leachate will eventually escape from even well-lined landfills.
2. finding suitable areas to locate landfills

Question 4

we can gain energy from

Answer 4

incineration and landfills

Question 5

3 steps of recycling

Answer 5

1. The first step is collecting and processing used goods and materials.
2. Items collected are then taken to materials recovery facilities (MRFs), where workers and machines sort items. The facilities clean the materials, shred them, and prepare them for reprocessing.
3. Consumers and businesses complete the third step by purchasing products made from recycled materials.

Question 6

ways industrial ecology is more sustainable

Answer 6

1. look for ways to make the process more ecologically efficient; this is called life-cycle analysis.
2. Industrial ecologists also try to identify points at which waste products from one manufacturing process could be used as raw materials for a different process.
   3.industrial ecologists examine industrial processes with an eye toward eliminating environmentally harmful products and materials
   4 they study the flow of materials through industrial systems to look for ways to create products that are more durable, recyclable, or reusable

Question 7

We have three disposal methods for hazardous waste.

Answer 7

1. Hazardous waste landfills have several impervious liners and leachate removal systems, and are located far from aquifers.
2. A method of storing liquid hazardous waste is through surface impoundments
3. Deep well injection

Question 8

Superfund (radioactive)

Answer 8

experts identify sites polluted with hazardous chemicals, take action to protect groundwater near these sites, and clean up the pollution