Chapter 12 Vocab

Question 1

forest

Answer 1

is any ecosystem with a high density of trees

Question 2

forest types

Answer 2

Ecologists and forest managers find it useful to classify forests by their predominant tree species.

Question 3

Deforestation

Answer 3

the clearing and loss of forests

Question 4

Sustainable resource management

Answer 4

the practice of harvesting resources in ways that do not deplete them

Question 5

maximum sustainable yield

Answer 5

The maximum amount of resource extraction possible without depleting the resource from one harvest to the next

Question 6

ecosystem-based management

Answer 6

which attempts to manage the harvesting of resources in ways that minimize impacts on the ecosystems and ecological processes that provide the resource

Question 7

adaptive management

Answer 7

Systematically testing different management approaches with the aim of improving methods as time goes on

Question 8

even-aged

Answer 8

trees all planted and cut at the same time

Question 9

uneven aged

Answer 9

trees with mixed age and species

Question 10

Clear-cutting

Answer 10

the easiest and most cost-efficient method in the short term, but it has the greatest impact on ecosystems

Question 11

The seed-tree approach

Answer 11

leaves small numbers of mature and vigorous seed-producing trees to reseed the logged area

Question 12

The shelterwood approach

Answer 12

leaves small numbers of mature trees to provide shelter for new seedlings

Question 13

new forestry approaches

Answer 13

call for timber cuts that explicitly mimic natural disturbances

Question 14

prescribed burns, or controlled burns

Answer 14

burning areas of forest under carefully controlled conditions

Question 15

salvage logging

Answer 15

the physical removal of small trees, underbrush, and dead trees by timber companies

Question 16

national parks

Answer 16

publicly held lands protected from extraction and development but open to the public for nature appreciation and recreation

Question 17

A national wildlife refuge

Answer 17

another type of protected area and is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Question 18

land trusts land regional organizations that preserve lands valued by their members

Answer 18

local and regional organizations that preserve lands valued by their members

Question 19

edge effects

Answer 19

impacts that result because the conditions along a fragment‘s edge are different than conditions in the interior

Question 20

SLOSS dilemma

Answer 20

single large or several small