Chapter 22 Flashcards
Which of the following events occurred first?
A) Watt invented modern steam engine.
All of the following facilitated the Industrial Revolution in eighteenth-century Britain except
B) extensive investment of foreign capital in Britain.
Early textile factories in Britain worked with
A) cotton.
The first modern factories arose in the
C) textile industry.
Richard Arkwright is best known for his invention of
D) the water frame.
All of the following were consequences of revolutionary changes in the textile industry except
D) a reduction in child labor.
Because working conditions were poor in early textile factories
B) factory owners turned to orphaned children as an important part of their workforce
In the eighteenth century, a shortage of __________ held British industry back.
Wood
The earliest steam engines were
A) used to pump water out of coal mines.
The major breakthrough in energy and power supplies that catalyzed the Industrial Revolution was
D) James Watt’s steam engine, developed and marketed between the 1760s and the 1780s.
James Watt solved the inefficiency problems of early steam engines by
B) adding a separate condenser.
The trains of the 1830s traveled at about ________ miles per hour.
A. Sixteen
The trains of the 1830s traveled at about ________ miles per hour.
A) sixteen
According to the text, the world’s first important railroad, completed in 1830, ran between
D) Liverpool and Manchester.
By reducing the cost of overland freight, the railroad
A) created national markets.
The men who built the European railroads were typically
C) rural laborers and peasants.
The Crystal Palace exhibition of 1851 commemorated the
A) industrial dominance of Britain.
British economist Thomas Malthus argued that
C) population always grew faster than the food supply.
David Ricardo formulated the
E) iron law of wages.
According to the table “Per Capita Levels of Industrialization,” which countries were closest behind Britain in industrialization in the first half of the nineteenth century?
E) Belgium and the United States.
______________ managed to raise per capita industrial levels in the nineteenth century.
E) All European states
The difficulties faced by the continental economies in their efforts to compete with the British included all of the following except the
D) scarcity of human capital.
William Cockerill was
C) an English carpenter who built cotton-spinning equipment in Belgium.
Railroad construction on the continent
B) featured varying degrees of government involvement.
Friedrich List was an early proponent of
D) economic nationalism.
The key development that allowed continental banks to shed their earlier conservative nature was the
B) establishment of limited liability investment.
Most early industrialists drew on ____________ for labor and capital.
A) family and friends
In The Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels stated that
B) the British middle classes were guilty of “mass murder” and “wholesale robbery.”
Scholarly statistical studies of the condition of members of the British working class indicate that
B) improvement did not come until the period after 1820.
In the 1760s, Monday was popularly known as ___________ because so many workers took the day off.
Saint Monday
