Chapter 22

Question 0

Uniqueness of Crimean War

Answer 0

First war with media correspondents

Question 1

Causes of the Crimean War

Answer 1

Russia’s goals/ambitions in Black Sea, Ottoman Empire gave protection of Palastine to Roman Catholics, invades Moldavia and Walachia

Question 2

Nations involved in Crimean War

Answer 2

Ottoman Empire, Britain, France Vs. Russia

Question 3

Florence Nightingale

Answer 3

“Lady with the lamp”, founder of modern nursing, clean/procedures to improve conditions

Question 4

Effects of the Crimean War

Answer 4

No more Russian invincibility, discredited Concert of Europe

Question 5

Reforms of the Ottoman Empire

Answer 5

Tanzimat = era of reform, weak, Western ideologies, defined rights of non-Muslims

Question 6

Nationalist leaders of Italy and their significance

Answer 6

Giuseppe Mazzini – “the heart or the soul”, Garibaldi – “the sword”, Carbonari – secret republican society

Question 7

Count Camillo Cavour and philosophical parallels

Answer 7

Machiavellian

Question 8

Political ideology and form of government favored by Covour

Answer 8

Constitutional monarchy, enlightenment, free enterprise

Question 9

Circumstances leading to Venetia’s incorporation into Italian catenation

Answer 9

Austro – Prussian war (1866–67)

Question 10

Role of Sardinia – Piedmont in Italian Unification

Answer 10

“The magnet”, liberal, progressive, stable

Question 11

Cavour’s keys to the unification of Italy

Answer 11

Implement nationalism, get help from France, prove they could be a nation

Question 12

Facts/significance/role of Giuseppe Garibaldi in Italian Unification

Answer 12

Expedition of the Thousand– 1860; unified Italian kingdom, nationalism one over republicanism, Naples + Sicily + northern half

Question 13

The birth of Italy as a nation (date)

Answer 13

1860

Question 14

Most important political development between 1848–1914

Answer 14

German Unification

Question 15

Facts about Otto von Bismarck

Answer 15

“Old blood and iron”, “iron chancellor”, war + industry, Realpolitik (action), Machiavellian, conservative, nationalism, Kleindeutsch

Question 16

Two strongest and rivals states of the German Confederation

Answer 16

Austria + Prussia

Question 17

Evidence that Bismarck was a pragmatist

Answer 17

Blood + iron; industry + war

Question 18

Reasons for Bismarck’s embrace of German Nationalism

Answer 18

And deadlock and Parliament, liberals vs. conservatives; outwit liberals

Question 19

Causes of the Danish War of 1864

Answer 19

Schleswig and Holstein

Question 20

Effects of the Seven Weeks’ War

Answer 20

Austro – Prussian; Prussia and Kleineutsch

Question 21

Houses of the North German Confederation government

Answer 21

Bundesrat – Federal branch, Reichstag – those chosen to vote, burnt down

Question 22

The Bad-Ems Telegram

Answer 22

Wilhelm to Bismarck, French declare war on Prussia, Bismarck distorted it – unify southern states

Question 23

Facts about the Franco – Prussian War

Answer 23

1870–71; culminated process of German unification, Napoleon captured and exiled

Question 24

French rulers since 1789

Answer 24

Louis XVI, Napoleon, Louis XVIII, Charles X, Louis Philippe, Napoleon III

Question 25

Facts about the Paris Commune

Answer 25

Municipal government, tried to make Paris independent, Paris = prototype, May 21–28, 1871; the Bloody Weeks

Question 26

Impact of emergence of German Empire

Answer 26

Treaty of Frankfurt, France lost territory (Alsis + Loraine), pay a lot for war, 2nd Reich, Germany = superpower, France and Austria = weak, Germany rivals Britain

Question 27

Facts about the Dreyfus Affair

Answer 27

December 22, 1896; Alfred Dreyfus wrongly accused, public debate – 1896, Emile Zola “I Accuse”, retrial – 1898, found guilty but pardoned, highlighted division

Question 28

Facts about the 19th century Hapsburg Empire

Answer 28

Dynastic, stayed absolute, agrarian

Question 29

The Ausgleich of 1867

Answer 29

“Compromise”, Austria and Hungary,
create a dual monarchy,
Francis Joseph = king of Austria and Hungary,
Austro – Hungarian Empire

Question 30

Czech Trialisim and opposition to it

Answer 30

Wanted three kingdoms, Hungarian said no, created nationalistic unrest

Question 31

Reforms of Alexander II

Answer 31

Judicial – quality before law, Western-style
Military – 25 to 6 years (Nine reserve), discipline lessened, open to more
Administrative – Zemstvos and Village Commue
Social – serfs emancipated

Question 32

Problems with serfdom in Russia

Answer 32

Economically insufficient, immoral, social revolts, large but ineffective military

Question 33

Impacts the emancipation had an Russian serfs

Answer 33

Landless, jobless, no education, redemption payments

Question 34

Relationship of Poland with Russia prior to World War I

Answer 34

Satellite state

Question 35

Revolutionary groups in Russia during the reign of Tsar Alexander II

Answer 35

Populism; The People’s Will and Land and Freedom

Question 36

Significance of William Gladstone’s ministry

Answer 36

Education act; duty of government, not religious (1870) – economic, administrative, educational reforms

Question 37

Facts about Benjamin Disraeli

Answer 37

Public Health Act and Artisian Housing At (1875)

Question 38

Ireland’s movement for Home Rule

Answer 38

Stewart Parnell, “The Irish Question”, Bladstone = champion of home will, not calling for independence – own decisions
Home Rule Bill of 1912 – failed b/c of World War I

Question 39

Agreement of 1850 between Cavour and Napoleon III

Answer 39

Pack of Plombiéres - provoke war with Austria to try them out