Chapter 22 Flashcards
Dental Plaque
-begins as biofilm
-bacteria undergo metabolism
-produce acids that can dissolve tooth enamel
dental caries
tooth decay
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
periodontal disease
-advanced inflammation causing the gums to bleed and pull away from the teeth
-aggregatibacter actinomycetemocomitans and porphyromonas gingivalis
thrush
-white coating resembling cottage cheese
-caused by the yeast strain, candida albicans
-common in newborns and patiens taking antibiotics
osmotic diarrhea
-intestinal osmolarity is higher than internal of mucosal cells, causing water to leave the cells
-pathogens that prevent nutrient absorption can cause osmotic diarrhea
secretory diarrhea
-increased ion secretion causes electrolytes to leave, leading to imbalance and water leaving intestinal cells.
-Pathogens that cause ion secretion cause secretory diarrhea.
inflammatory diarrhea
-inflammatory cytokines damage mucosal cells and prevent absorption of nutrients and water. Build up of water.
-Shigella and Salmonella are common causes of inflammatory diarrhea
motility-related diarrhea
-food moves too quickly through the intestinal tract and nutrients are not absorbed.
-Often caused by enterotoxins and rotavirus
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach lining
gastroenteritis
inflammation along the gastrointestinal tract
enteritis
inflammation mainly of the small intestine
enterocolitis
inflammation of the colon and small intestine
colitis
inflammation of the colon
hepatitis
-inflammation of the liver
-infection, overconsumption of alcohol, toxic chemicals, autoimmune reactions