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Microbiology test 4 ( chapters 21-27) > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Starts in one part of the body and then spreads to other sites

A

Systemic Infection

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2
Q

Fluid and white blood cells involved in fighting infections

A

lymphatic system

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3
Q

circulation between the heart and lungs

A

pulmonary circuit

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4
Q

circulation between the heart and rest of the body

A

systemic circulation

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5
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

swelling of the lymph nodes

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6
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of the lymph nodes

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7
Q

lymphangitis

A

inflammation of the lymph vessels

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8
Q

Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV)

A

-herpes virus family
-shed in saliva
-fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue
-infects and replicates
-B-cells have atypical appearance

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9
Q

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

A

-cancer of B lymphocytes
-tumors form in jaw and around eye
-grows rapidly
-treatment is chemo

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10
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

-herpes
-dsDNA virus, integrates into chromosome, latency
-asymptomatic
-cell-mediated immunity
-reinfection
-immunocompromised individuals face higher risk of reactivation
-vertical transmission

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11
Q

dengue hemorrhagic fever

A

-endemic in the tropics
-causes intense joint and muscle pain
-transmitted by mosquitoes

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12
Q

ebola virus

A

-acute rapid onset of fever, muscle pains, and bleeding from multiple orifices
-transmitted through contact with body fluids

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13
Q

chikungunya virus

A

-causes debilitating muscle pain
-prevalent in the area around the Indian Ocean, Europe, and recently the US

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14
Q

Bacteremia

A

bacteria in the blood stream

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15
Q

septicemia

A

pathogen replicates to high numbers, overcomes the innate immune system

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16
Q

sepsis

A

infection of the bloodstream

17
Q

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

A

medical emergency characterized by rapid heart rate, breathing rate, and abnormal WBC count

18
Q

septic shock

A

catastrophic drop in blood pressure due to severe sepsis

19
Q

Superantigens or PAMPs

A

cells of immune system interact with these, cytokine storm

20
Q

Plague

A

yersinia pestis

21
Q

bubonic plague

A

-organisms move from site to lymph nodes, forming buboes
-not transmissible

22
Q

septicemic plague

A

-pathogens enter bloodstream
-not transmissible

23
Q

pneumonic plague

A

-pathogen infect lungs
-transmissible, easily spread through population via coughing
-untreated patients can die within 24-48 hours

24
Q

Virulence factors of Yersinia pestis

A

-lipoproteins: inhibits phagocytosis
-F1 protein capsule: blocks phagocytosis
-biofilm formation: attachment
-type 3 secretion system: injects

25
Q

Lyme disease

A

-most common vector-borne illness
-treatment: antibiotics

26
Q

Typhoid fever

A

-salmonella enterica serovar typhi
-lives inside macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract
-infects variety of organ system via macrophages
-bacteria are continuously shed during infection; can be transmitted via fecal-oral route

27
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever

A

-caused by rickettsia
-transmitted by ticks and lice
-rash begins on the wrist and ankles and spreads to the center of the body

28
Q

Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)

A

-Slow onset and vague symptoms
-Usually caused by S. mutans (part of mouth microbiota)

29
Q

Acute bacterial endocarditis (ABE)

A

-Rapidly progressive and highly destructive-fever, backflow of blood through heart valve, abscess formation
-S. aureus

30
Q

Malaria

A

-Caused by four species of Plasmodium
-P. falciparum
-P. vivax
-P. ovale
-P. malariae
-complex lifecycle
-treatment includes chloroquine

31
Q

Babesiosis

A

-is caused by Babesia microti
-Similar to malaria, except it is transmitted by ticks
-Characteristic cell arrangement
-Immunocompetent patients have a mild flu-like illness.
-Patients with immunosuppression can have a prolonged illness.

32
Q

Chagas disease

A

-Trypanosoma cruzi
-Vector = Reduviid bug
-Fever and lymphadenopathy
-Systemic symptoms include
-Enlarged spleen, liver, neurological issues, myocarditis
-Treatment
Nifurtimox or benznidazole
Death usually due to heart failure

33
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

-Toxoplasma gondii
-Transmitted to humans via cats
-Two stages: feline and mammal stage
-Symptoms
Immunocompetent individuals = no/mild symptoms
-Immunocompromised individuals = more serious
-Congenital disease = organism crosses placenta
Severity of disease depends on gestational age of fetus

34
Q

Leishmaniasis

A

-Cutaneous
-Leishmania tropica and L. braziliensis
-Visceral
-Patients may die within months.
-Treatment is antiparasitic drugs.

35
Q

Filariasis

A

-describes a group of diseases caused by nematodes in the family Filarioidea.
-Larva transmitted from mosquitoes or flies to humans
-Adult worms in the lymphatic system can produce lymphatic obstruction.
-Swelling of limb (elephantiasis)
-Swelling of scrotum (hydrocele)

Microbiology test 4 ( chapters 21-27) (6 decks)

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