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PHARMACOLOGY LEC (MIDTERMS) > CHAPTER 21 (WEEK 7) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHARMACOLOGY OF CNS DRUGS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 21 (WEEK 7) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHARMACOLOGY OF CNS DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

An increase in chloride conductance is the most important result of the activation of:

A

GABAA receptors

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2
Q

Drugs that act on the ___________ are the most commonly prescribed drugs in current use

A

Central Nervous System

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3
Q

Electrically excitable cells that process and transmit information via an electrochemical process

A

Neurons

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4
Q

hair-like or tree-like projection. It receives information from the previous cells.

A

Dendrites

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5
Q

specialized gaps between two cells where the passage of information usually happens.

A

Synapse

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6
Q

main supporting cell in the CNS. Its function is to remove excess neurotransmitters. They also serve as fuel depo or reserve so they store glycogen. They are a component of the blood-brain barrier.

A

Astrocytes

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7
Q

these are the macrophages in the CNS.

A

Microglia

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8
Q

these cells help produce the cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Ependymal cells

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9
Q

Protective separation of the circulating blood from the extracellular fluid of the CNS that limits the penetration of substances.

A

Blood-Brain Barrier

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10
Q

Responds to changes in the membrane potential
and are Highly concentrated in the initial segment of the axon and Initiate all-or-nothing action potential

A

Voltage-gated channels

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11
Q

Aka Ionotropic receptors. Neurotransmitter receptor. Binding of ligands opens the channel

A

Ligand-gated channels

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12
Q

two main types of receptors

A

IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS AND
METABOTROPIC RECEPTORS

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13
Q

propagate down the axon from the dendrite, it will activate voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels

A

Action potentials

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14
Q

promotes the fusion of synaptic vesicles (where neurotransmitters are stored) with the presynaptic membrane

A

Increase in intracellular calcium

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15
Q

are released in the synaptic cleft and diffuse on the postsynaptic membrane

A

Neurotransmitters

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16
Q

TWO ROLE OF ION CURRENT CARRIED BY THE CHANNEL

A

Excitatory (depolarizing) postsynaptic potentials and Inhibitory (hyperpolarizing) postsynaptic potentials

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17
Q

Most therapeutically important CNS drugs act mainly on the

A

Synapses

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18
Q

TWO CELLULAR ORGANIZATIONS OF THE BRAIN

A

HIERARCHICAL SYSTEMS AND DIFFUSE NEURONAL SYSTEM

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19
Q

Includes all the pathways directly involved in sensory perception & motor control
Are Delimited in their distribution and Contain large, myelinated, rapidly conducting fibers

A

HIERARCHICAL SYSTEMS

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20
Q

Two excitatory Neurons

A

Glutamate and Aspartate

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21
Q

Two Inhibitory Neurons

A

GABA and Glycine

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22
Q

inhibitory neuron in the brain

A

GABA

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23
Q

inhibitory neuron in the spine

A

Glycine

24
Q

Broadly distributed and Are Fine, unmyelinated, and conduct very slowly

A

Diffuse Neuronal System

25
Q

The first compound to be identified pharmacologically as NTM in the CNS

A

Acetylcholine

26
Q

Most CNS responses to Ach are mediated by what muscarinic receptor?

A

M1

27
Q

Drugs affecting the activity of cholinergic systems in the brain include the _____ and used in Alzheimer’s disease

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

28
Q

include the catecholamines (Da & NE) and 5-HT

A

Monoamine

29
Q

Most famous pathway in Dopaminergic pathways

A

Nigrostriatal

30
Q

Dopamine has multiple receptors D1-D5, what is the main receptor subtype?

A

D2

31
Q

The therapeutic action of levodopa is associated with……

A

Nigrostriatal pathway

32
Q

The therapeutic action of antipsychotics is associated with……

A

Mesolimbic pathway

33
Q

Where is Norepinephrine located?

A

locus coeruleus

34
Q

Excitatory effects are produced by what types of receptors

A

Alpha 1 & Beta 1

35
Q

Inhibitor effects are produced by what types of receptors?

A

Alpha 2 & Beta 2

36
Q

Originates in the midline raphe nuclei of the pons and upper brain stem

A

Serotonin

37
Q

In Serotonin, All are metabotropic receptors except for what type of receptor?

A

5-HT3 receptor

38
Q

In Serotonin, All are metabotropic receptors except for what type of receptor?

A

5-HT3 receptor

39
Q

Related to Monoamine NTM; a very small amount in CNS

A

Diamine NTM

40
Q

Location of Histamine in the posterior hypothalamus

A

Tuberomammillary nucleus

41
Q

Modulate arousal, appetite, and memory

A

Histamine

42
Q

Blocked by Phencyclidine (PCP) (also known as angel dust) and Ketamine

A

NMDA receptors

43
Q

An NMDA antagonist and is approved for Alzheimer’s dementia

A

Memantine

44
Q

Mediates excitatory postsynaptic increase in both Na+ & K+ conductance

A

AMPA receptors

45
Q

Plays a role in synaptic plasticity related to learning and memory

A

NMDA receptors

46
Q

Blocked by Domoic acid (marine toxin) that causes excitatory toxicity

A

Kainate receptors

47
Q

receptors which open Cl- channels

A

GABA A receptors

48
Q

Activation opens K+ channels

A

GABA B receptors

49
Q

Blocked by strychnine

A

GLYCINE receptors

50
Q

Packaged in large, dense cores and synthesized in the cell body

A

Peptide transmitters

51
Q

Therapeutic actions of ____________________ are mediated via the activation of endogenous peptide receptors

A

Opioid analgesics

52
Q

Nociceptive sensory pathway

A

SUBSTANCE P

53
Q

Associated with the sleep-wake cycle & promote wakefulness

A

OREXINS

54
Q

Primary psychoactive ingredient of cannabis (Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), affects the brain by activating CB1 receptor

A

ENDOCANNABINOIDS

55
Q

Ligands are not stored but are rapidly synthesized and May affect memory, cognition, and perception

A

ENDOCANNABINOIDS

PHARMACOLOGY LEC (MIDTERMS) (5 decks)

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