Chapter 21 (The impact of population increase)

Question 1

Factors affecting BR and DR

Food Demand

Answer 1

• Inc in food demand –> inc intensive farming –> inc secure food supply –> inc BR, dec DR
• Lack of food availability –> malnutrition–> inc DR

Question 2

Factors affecting BR and DR

Answer 2

Food demand
Medical technology
Disease control

Question 3

Factors affecting BR and DR

Medical Technology

Answer 3

• Birth control developments –> dec BR
• Antibiotics developed–> dec DR
• Vaccination developed –> dec DR

Question 4

Factors affecting BR and DR

Disease Control

Answer 4

• Inc spread of disease due to overcrowding –> inc DR

- Poor sanitisation and water treatment –> inc DR

Question 5

Impact of rising human population size on abiotic factors

Answer 5

• Inc Greenhouse gases emissions –> global climate change.
• Inc use of fertilisers –> eutrophication –> dec populations of species.
• Inc demand for water –> rivers + lakes drained –> ecosystem collapse.
• salinisation –> soil degradation due to irrigation –> ecosystem collapse.

Question 6

Impact of rising human population size on biotic factors

Answer 6

• Use of pesticides –> decreases population of some species
• Agriculture monoculture –> reduces plant biodiversity –> removes links in food chains –> less food availability
• Deforestation –> destruction of habitats –> reduces biodiversity –> increase risk of extinction of species
• Global warming –> extinction of species, eg frogs are sensitive to temperature change.

Question 7

Factors affecting human population size

Answer 7

Immigration - inc pop size.
Emigration - dec pop size.
Birth rate - inc pop size
Death rate - dec pop size.

Question 8

Definition of food security

Answer 8

The state of having access to safe, nutritious, and affordable food.

Question 9

Definition of food sustainability

Answer 9

Meeting energy and food requirements today without compromising biodiversity or ability to meet requirements in the future.

Question 10

Definition of food safety

Answer 10

Sufficient hygiene and safety standards to not harm health

Question 11

Why is growing all food in UK not good?

Answer 11

Total self-sufficiency would make UK's food supplies less secure.
Potential concerns - 
Poor harvest 
New disease to wipe out livestock
Pest issue to wipe out stable crop. 

All lead to supply issues and cost inflation.

Question 12

Factors putting food security at risk

Answer 12

• Inc pop.
• Changing diets (more meat = more energy to produce)
• Transport costs ( higher price of oil - inc cost of storing and distributing)
• Climate change - changes which crops can be grown where.
• Reduced arable land - The drive to produce more biofuels has led to conflicts over what agricultural land should be used for: food or fuel?

Question 13

Role of United Nations Food + Agriculture Organisation (FAO)

Answer 13

• In charge of protecting food security

- Tries to reduce hunger, poverty, food insecurity, malnutrition to ensure resources are managed sustainably.

Question 14

Role of Food Chain crisis (FCC)

Answer 14

-Responsible for food safety
-Tackle threats to human food chains ( eg, pests, diseases)
Example of food safety crisis - contamination of food with chemicals, eg dioxins.

Question 15

Emergency Prevention System (EMPRES)

Answer 15

• Promote research of potential crises in food chains and coordinate early warnings at beginning of outbreaks.
• During epidemics of pests and diseases, they promote containment and control of outbreak.

Question 16

Definition of Food fraud

Answer 16

Food being sold with the intention of deceiving the customer.

Question 17

Definition of species evenness

Answer 17

Relative abundance of each species

Question 18

Definition of species richness

Answer 18

Number of species in a habitat

Question 19

Definition of species diversity?

Answer 19

The measure of the number of species in a habitat, ie, species richness.
relative abundance of each species, ie, species evenness.

Simpson’s diversity index is used to measure biodiversity of an area.

Question 20

To ensure a valid comparison between 2 different areas:

Answer 20

Equal size of field 
Same soil
Same season for observations
Same climate
Same time of day for observations
Same method of sampling
Same time period for observations

Question 21

What is the challenge for global food security?

Answer 21

To provide the world’s growing population with:

• Sustainable, secure supply of safe, nutritious
• affordable, high quality food, using less land with lower inputs.
• And in the context of global climate change, the environmental changes and declining resources.

Question 22

SDI info?

Answer 22

Give values between 0 and 1.
0= No diversity, 1 = infinite diversity.

High SDI - high biodiversity so complex food webs, change to environment on ecosystem has relatively small effect, large no. successful species.

Question 23

Example of a food crime?

Answer 23

Deliberate mislabelling of foods.

Question 24

What are the names of 3 organisations to help with issues around food?

Answer 24

Emergency Prevention System (EMPRES)
United Nations Food + Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
Food Chain crisis (FCC)