Chapter 21 - Protists

Question 1

Acellular slime mold

Answer 1

a type of organism that forms a multinucleate structure that crawls in amoeboid fashion and ingests decaying organic matter; also called plasmodial slime mold. Acellular slime molds are members of the protist clade amoebozoa

Question 2

Alga

Answer 2

(pl. Algae)

Any photosynthetic protist

Question 3

Alveolate

Answer 3

A member of the alveolata a large protist clade Alveolata which are characterized by a system of sacs beneath the cell membrane include ciliates dinoflagellates and apicomplexans

Question 4

Amoeba

Answer 4

an amoebozoan protist that uses a characteristic streaming mode of locomotion by extending a cellular projection called a pseudopod. Also known as a lobose amoeba

Question 5

Amoebozoan

Answer 5

a member of the amoebozoa, a protist clade. The amoebozoans which generally lack shells and move by extending pseudopods include the lobos amoebas and the slime molds

Question 6

Apicomplexan

Answer 6

a member of the protist clade Apicomplexa which includes mostly parasitic, single-celled eukaryotes such as plasmodium, which causes malaria in humans. Apicomplexans are part of a larger group known as the alveolates

Question 7

Cellular slime mold

Answer 7

a type of organism consisting of individual amoeboid cells that can aggregate to form a slug-like mass, which in turn forms a fruiting body. Cellular slime molds are members of the protist clade amoebozoa

Question 8

Chlorophyte

Answer 8

a member of the Chlorophyta, a protist clade. Chlorophytes are photosynthetic green algae found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments

Question 9

Ciliate

Answer 9

a member of a protist group characterized by cilia and a complex unicellular structure. Ciliates are part of a larger group known as the alveolates.

Question 10

Diatom

Answer 10

A member of a protist group that includes photosynthetic forms with two-part glassy outer coverings; important photosynthetic organisms in freshwater and saltwater. Diatoms are part of a larger group known as the stramenopiles.

Question 11

Dinoflagellate

Answer 11

a member of a protist group that includes photosynthetic forms in which two flagella project through armor-like plates; abundant in oceans; can reproduce rapidly causing “red tides.” Dinoflagellates are part of a larger group known as the alveolates

Question 12

Diplomonad

Answer 12

a member of a protist group characterized by two nuclei and multiple flagella. Diplomonads, which include disease-causing parasites such as Giardia are part of a larger group known as the excavates

Question 13

Euglenid

Answer 13

a member of a protist group characterized by one or more whip-like flagella, which are used for locomotion, and by a photoreceptor which detects light. Euglenids are photosynthetic and are part of a larger group known as euglenozoans

Question 14

Euglenozoan

Answer 14

A member of the euglenozoa a protist clade. The euglenozoans, which are characterized by mitochondrial membranes that appear under the microscope to be shaped like a stack of discs, include the euglenids and the kinetoplastids

Question 15

Excavate

Answer 15

a member of the Excavata a protist clade. The excavates, which generally lack mitochondria, include the diplomonads and the parabasalids.

Question 16

Food vacuole

Answer 16

a membranous sac within a single cell in which food is enclosed. Digestive enzymes are released into the vacuole where intracellular digestion occurs